Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an Urban District of Karachi, Pakistan.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan.

Methodology: A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM.

A conversation on health in Canada: revisiting universality and the centrality of primary healthcare.

In 2006, British Columbia launched a public consultation on how to strengthen the health system. We report on the processes and the inputs and views submitted and examine the perceived importance of universality and primary healthcare (PHC). Public response revealed strong support for the Canada Health Act, which upholds 5 principles: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility, and also a need for the system to be more open to innovation.

Coverage and factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination status among females of reproductive age in Peshawar.

Objective: To estimate the coverage and determine the factors associated with tetanus toxoid vaccination status among females of reproductive age.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: District Peshawar, NWFP, from July to September 2002.

Quality of pharmacies in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of pharmacies meeting licensing requirements and to identify factors associated with these pharmacies in urban Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted during July-September 2001, of 311 pharmacies selected from a drug company list of 506.

Setting: Free-standing licensed and unlicensed pharmacies in urban Rawalpindi.

Assessing obesity and overweight in a high mountain Pakistani population.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in a high mountain rural population of Pakistan, and to determine the correlates of excess body weight. Design Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A random sample of 4203 adults (aged 18 years and over) was selected by stratified random sampling from 16 villages in north Pakistan.

Prevalence of and risk factors associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in prisoners, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan.

Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of and identify factors associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in prisoners of North West Frontier Province (NWFP).

Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 425 from a total of 6607 male prisoners aged 18-60 years from the five central prisons of NWFP, Pakistan (Peshawar, Dera Ismail Khan, Haripur, Kohat, and Mardan). The selected inmates were interviewed using a structured pre-tested questionnaire; a Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) was also performed.