Polysomnographic Characteristics of Sleep Architecture in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: The conventional measure of sleep fragmentation is via polysomnographic evaluation of sleep architecture. Adults with OSA have disruption in their sleep cycles and spend less time in deep sleep stages. However, there is no available evidence to suggest that this is also true for children and published results have been inconclusive.

Women Surgeons Who Contributed to the Development of Pediatric Otolaryngology in the United States.

Objective: Our goal was to identify the early pioneering women surgeons in the United States who devoted their career or the majority of their practice to the care of otolaryngologic disorders in children. We sought to share their stories, recognize their contributions to the surgical subspecialty now known as pediatric otolaryngology, and acknowledge their vision and leadership.

Data Sources: Primary sources include books, published articles in the medical literature, newspaper articles, memorials/obituaries in both the medical literature and lay press, web logs, the John Q Adams Center for the History of Otolaryngology to include the Women in Otolaryngology, a number of otolaryngology departments, and children's hospitals nationwide.

Sleep positions in children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To assess sleep positions in children with both Down syndrome (DS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine if there is a preferred sleep position by severity of apnea.

Methods: A single-center retrospective review of patients with both DS and OSA was performed. Caregivers reported sleep position utilized greater than 50% of observed sleep time.

Prospective Evaluation of a Smartphone Otoscope for Home Tympanostomy Tube Surveillance: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Recent technological advances have led to the capability of performing high resolution imaging of the tympanic membrane. Smartphone technologies and applications have provided the opportunity to capture digital images and easily share them. The smartphone otoscope device was developed as a simple system that can convert a smartphone into a digital otoscope.

The incidence of revision adenoidectomy: A comparison of four surgical techniques over a 10-year period.

Approximately 130,000 adenoidectomies are performed each year in the United States. Few studies have examined adenoid regrowth and the incidence of revision surgery or have compared four different surgical instruments commonly used for adenoid surgery within the same institution. This study aimed to determine the incidence of revision adenoidectomy after the use of microdebrider, Coblation, suction cautery, and curette instruments over a 10-year period at a single major tertiary children's center in the United States.

Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid vs. Reconstruction of the External Auditory Canal in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Aural Atresia: A Comparison Study of Outcomes.

Objectives/hypothesis: Congenital aural atresia is a rare condition affecting 1 in 10,000-20,000 children a year. Surgery is required to restore hearing to facilitate normal development. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes in hearing, complications, and quality of life of surgical reconstruction of the external auditory canal reconstruction (EACR) and bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in a pediatric population with congenital aural atresia.

Vallecular cyst as a cause of obstructive sleep apnea in an infant.

A 3-month-old baby was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on polysomnography (PSG) with a high apnea hypopnea index (AHI). On further investigations he was found to have a vallecular cyst that was successfully treated. We discuss the clinical presentation of vallecular cysts and the importance of polysomnography in identifying this rare condition.

Age specific differences in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Some have suggested that younger children have a more severe form of obstructive sleep apnea than older children and therefore are at a higher risk for respiratory compromise after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. However, at present there are few studies that have identified any significant correlation between age and severity of obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: To determine if age specific differences in obstructive sleep apnea are present in children.

Antimicrobial therapy for children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective randomized trial comparing azithromycin vs placebo.

Objective: Multiple clinical trials demonstrate the value of administering antibiotics for recurrent tonsillitis. However, there is no consensus as to the role of antibiotics in the management of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It has been suggested that antibiotics may reduce adenotonsillar size, improve obstructive symptoms, and obviate the need for surgery.

Pediatric total tonsillectomy using coblation compared to conventional electrosurgery: a prospective, controlled single-blind study.

Objective: Postoperative recovery after tonsillectomy using Coblation excision (CES) was compared with conventional electrosurgery (ES).

Study Design And Setting: Patients aged 3 to 12 years from 3 clinical sites were randomly assigned and blinded to receive tonsillectomy using CES (n = 44) or ES (n = 45).

Results: Operative parameters did not differ between groups.