Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes Following Exposure to Modafinil and Armodafinil During Pregnancy.

This cohort study uses data from the US Provigil/Nuvigil Pregnancy Registry to assess prevalence of fetal major congenital malformations after exposure to modafinil and armodafinil during pregnancy.

The safety and efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation as a treatment for angina in patients with aortic stenosis.

Background: Comorbid aortic stenosis (AS) has been considered a precaution when applying enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) to individuals with angina due to concerns about treatment-related hemodynamic changes.

Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to determine whether EECP safely reduces symptoms of myocardial ischemia and improves hemodynamics in individuals with AS.

Methods: Forty-three patients with AS (average age, 73 years; 86% male) and 43 comparison patients without AS were chosen from a database of 1327 EECP patients.

Enhanced external counterpulsation: a novel therapy for angina.

Improved pharmacological, invasive, and surgical therapies for cardiovascular diseases over the last few decades have led to an increase in life expectancy of individuals with angina. Despite treatment with multiple medications and invasive procedures, these patients remain symptomatic and functionally limited. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a safe, noninvasive, well-tolerated, and clinically effective outpatient physical therapy for many patients with refractory angina.

Cardiac rehabilitation: a contemporary review.

Cardiac rehabilitation is increasingly recognized as an essential part of the continuum of care for patients with cardiovascular disease. The discipline has evolved over the last 15 yrs to reflect the importance of targeted initiatives in the management of cardiovascular risk factors. Changes in program scope have broadened to shift the emphasis away from primarily focusing on exercise therapy to embracing a comprehensive secondary prevention strategy addressing the multiple medical, exercise, nutritional, and behavioral factors that place a patient at increased risk of a subsequent cardiac event.

Enhanced external counterpulsation: an innovative physical therapy for refractory angina.

The prevalence of refractory angina in the United States is 600,000 to 1.8 million. Improved pharmacological, invasive, and surgical therapies for cardiovascular diseases during the last few decades have led to an increase in life expectancy of such individuals.

Etiologies of failed back surgery syndrome.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Objective: To report the epidemiologic data of nonsurgical and surgical etiologies of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) from two outpatient spine practices.

Summary Of Background Data: FBSS has been offered as a diagnosis, but this is an imprecise term encompassing a heterogeneous group of disorders that have in common pain symptoms after lumbar surgery.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 5. Disease-specific issues in chronic pain.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights the importance of applying principles described earlier in the Study Guide to specific diseases encountered by practitioners managing chronic pain in order to administer appropriate treatment. This chapter focuses on several challenging and increasingly common maladies and attempts to delineate rationales for holistic, comprehensive care.

Overall Article Objective: To explore diagnostic concepts and therapeutic strategies in fibromyalgia syndrome, central pain, multiple sclerosis, complex regional pain syndrome, and postherpetic neuralgia.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 4. Medications in pain management.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module, which highlights pharmacologic approaches in the management of chronic pain, focuses on both traditional and nontraditional medications. It is part of the study guide on interventions in chronic pain management in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article highlights medication concepts, including the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, opiate management of chronic pain, and neuropathic pain management; and it reviews some nontraditional approaches such as homeopathy and herbal remedies.

Interventions in chronic pain management. 3. New frontiers in pain management: complementary techniques.

Unlabelled: This self-directed learning module highlights complementary and alternative therapies that are often used by patients seen in the typical physiatric practice. This article contains information on acupuncture and its use to treat low back pain, recent therapeutic approaches to lateral epicondylitis, movement therapies appropriate for the osteoporotic patient, and spa therapies. Scientific literature and standards of clinical practice in these areas have been reviewed to put forth the most recent recommendations regarding these diagnoses and therapeutic interventions.