Evaluating the Utility of Initial Exams in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Proposal of FIRST-ROP Algorithm for a Medium-Risk Cohort.

Purpose: To assess the utility of the first or second examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a medium-risk cohort of infants and to propose an optimization to the current ROP screening guidelines.

Design: Retrospective consecutive study.

Subjects: Infants screened for ROP between January 2017 and August 2023 at three different tertiary-level care neonatal intensive care units.

Distribution of Port-Wine Birthmarks and Glaucoma Outcomes in Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Purpose: To identify which features of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) were most associated with glaucoma onset, severity, and treatment failure at a tertiary care center.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Subjects: Children who had SWS with and without glaucoma.

Validation of the "TWO-ROP" Algorithm at a Multi-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Tertiary Referral Center.

Purpose: We aim to validate the previously published TWO-ROP algorithm on an external data set.

Design: Retrospective consecutive study.

Subjects: Infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) between January 2013 and August 2023 at a tertiary referral multi-site.

Continuous Wave Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation and Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation in Childhood Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Prcis: Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TS-CPC) and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) were effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications in childhood glaucoma.

Objective: To report the outcomes of continuous wave TS-CPC and ECP in childhood glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic search of relevant databases.

Association of Neighborhood Opportunity With Severity of Retinoblastoma at Presentation.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between the Child Opportunity Index (COI) and severity of retinoblastoma at presentation.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Children (age <18 years) treated for retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center between January 2000 and May 2023 were included.

Identification of pathogenic genetic variants in patients with acquired early-onset bilateral cataracts using next-generation sequencing.

Background: Acquired early-onset bilateral cataracts can result from systemic etiologies or genetic disorders.

Methods: In this observational study, we analyzed individuals 18 months to 35 years of age with acquired bilateral cataracts via a next-generation sequencing panel of 66 genes to identify disease-causing genetic variants.

Results: Of 347 patients enrolled, 313 (90.

Timing of Diagnosis and Treatment of Glaucoma following Infantile Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To report timing of diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) in a large cohort of infants undergoing cataract surgery at a tertiary care center.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: All consecutive infants that underwent cataract surgery over a 30-year period from January 1991 to December 2021 were included if they had at least 1 year follow-up.

Risk Factors for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Surgical Intervention following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in the IRIS® Registry.

Purpose: To compare demographic and clinical factors associated with glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS) and glaucoma surgery rates between infants, toddlers, and older children using a large, ophthalmic registry.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Patients in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) who underwent cataract surgery at ≤ 17 years old and between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020.

Bevacizumab as adjunctive therapy in anterior persistent fetal vasculature.

Purpose: Surgical removal of a vascularized pupillary membrane may be challenging with the risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative recurrence. We present a case of a 4-week-old who presented with anterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) and dense vascularized pupillary membrane in which the use of intracameral and intravitreal bevacizumab may have contributed to successful treatment.

Observation: A 4-week-old-month-old otherwise healthy girl was referred to Boston Children's Hospital for evaluation of cataract.

Prevalence of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis among patients diagnosed with early-onset idiopathic bilateral cataracts: final analysis.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare, autosomal recessive bile acid synthesis disorder caused by pathologic variants in CYP27A1, a gene involved in bile acid synthesis. Impaired function in this gene leads to accumulation of plasma cholestanol (PC) in various tissues, often in early childhood, resulting in such clinical signs as infantile diarrhea, early-onset bilateral cataracts, and neurological deterioration. The current study aimed to identify cases of CTX in a population of patients with a greater CTX prevalence than the general population, to facilitate early diagnosis.

Association of Neighborhood Environment with the Outcomes of Childhood Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the association between different neighborhood environment factors and the outcomes of childhood glaucoma.

Design: A retrospective cohort.

Participants: Childhood glaucoma patients ≤ 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis.

Comparison of baseline biometry measures in eyes with pediatric cataract to age-matched controls.

Purpose: To compare baseline biometry measurements in eyes with pediatric cataract versus age-matched controls METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital that included two arms-prospective arm to collect data from normal eyes and retrospective arm for eyes with pediatric cataract. In the prospective arm, biometry measurements were obtained in healthy children aged 0 to 10 years. Children under the age of four had measurements under anesthesia for an unrelated procedure, while older children had in-office measurements using optical biometry.

Ahmed and Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Devices in Childhood Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Prcis: The effectiveness of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) and Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) was comparable in the management of childhood glaucoma over the long term despite initial better success rate with BGI. There were higher tube block and retraction rates in the BGI group and higher tube exposure rates in the AGV group.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes and safety of AGV and BGI in childhood glaucoma.

Electroretinographic Responses in Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated Using Intravitreal Bevacizumab or Laser.

Purpose: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) offers advantages over laser photoablation for treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, retinal function has not, to date, been quantitatively compared following these interventions. Therefore, electroretinography (ERG) was used compare retinal function among eyes treated using IVB or laser, and control eyes.

Controversies in Pediatric Angle Surgery and Secondary Surgical Treatment.

Pediatric glaucoma is a constellation of challenging ophthalmic conditions that, left untreated, can result in irreversible vision loss. The mainstay of treatment for primary congenital glaucoma and select secondary glaucoma subtypes is angle surgery, either trabeculotomy or goniotomy. More recently, MIGS devices have been utilized to enhance the efficacy of these procedures.

The contribution of intraocular lens calculation accuracy to the refractive error predicted at 10 years in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To determine the relative contribution of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation accuracy and ocular growth variability to the long-term refractive error predicted following pediatric cataract surgery.

Methods: Pseudophakic eyes of children enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) were included in this study. Initial absolute prediction error (APE) and 10-year APE were calculated using the initial biometry, IOL parameters, postoperative refractions, and mean rate of refractive growth.

Systemic and ocular associations in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Purpose: Evaluation for systemic diagnosis is an important part of pediatric cataract management. While there are reports on associated systemic and ocular associations in children with infantile cataracts, reports specifying associations in large cohorts of children undergoing cataract surgery are lacking.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery at a pediatric tertiary referral center during 30-year period was performed.

Effective lens position and pseudophakic refraction prediction error at 10½ years of age in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Background: The refraction prediction error (PE) for infants with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is large, possibly related to an effective lens position (ELP) that is different than in adult eyes. If these eyes still have nonadult ELPs as they age, this could result in persistently large PE. We aimed to determine whether ELP or biometry at age 10½ years correlated with PE in children enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Long-term strabismus outcomes after unilateral infantile cataract surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Purpose: To characterize long-term strabismus outcomes in children in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS).

Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of long-term ocular alignment characteristics of children aged 10.5 years who had previously been enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating aphakic management after unilateral cataract surgery between 1 and 6 months of age.

Low- and Very Low-Dose Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Reactivations, Additional Treatments, and 12-Month Outcomes.

Purpose: Low-dose and very low-dose intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) have been reported to be successful in short-term treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), down to an initial dose of 0.004 mg. We now report 12-month outcomes for these infants.

The accuracy of intraocular lens calculation varies by age in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study.

Refraction predictions from intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulae are inaccurate in children. We sought to quantify the relationship between age and prediction error using a model derived from the biometry measurements of children enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) when they were ≤7 months of age. We calculated theoretical predicted refractions in diopters (D) using axial length, average keratometry, and IOL powers at each measurement time point using the Holladay 1 formula.