An expert consensus on the most effective components of cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with depression: a modified Delphi study.

Designing new approaches to delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) requires an understanding of the key components. This study aimed to establish an expert consensus on the effective components of CBT for depressed adults. An international panel of 120 CBT experts was invited to participate in a modified Delphi study.

The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depressed adults. CBT interventions are complex, as they include multiple content components and can be delivered in different ways. We compared the effectiveness of different types of therapy, different components and combinations of components and aspects of delivery used in CBT interventions for adult depression.

Mirtazapine added to SSRIs or SNRIs for treatment resistant depression in primary care: phase III randomised placebo controlled trial (MIR).

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of combining mirtazapine with serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants for treatment resistant depression in primary care.

Design: Two parallel group multicentre phase III randomised placebo controlled trial.

Setting: 106 general practices in four UK sites; Bristol, Exeter, Hull, and Keele/North Staffs, August 2013 to October 2015.

Involving patients with depression in research: survey of patients' attitudes to participation.

Background: Clinicians report barriers to involving their patients in mental health research and have concerns that participation may have negative effects.

Aim: To investigate patients' views on participating in a primary care randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing two antidepressant drugs.

Design Of Study: Cross-sectional survey.

Bibliographic study showed improving methodology of meta-analyses published in leading journals 1993-2002.

Objective: To assess the methodology of meta-analyses published in leading general and specialist medical journals over a 10-year period.

Study Design And Setting: Volumes 1993-2002 of four general medicine journals and four specialist journals were searched by hand for meta-analyses including at least five controlled trials. Characteristics were assessed using a standardized questionnaire.

Enhancement of antibody responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly following a cognitive-behavioural stress management intervention.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that the psychological morbidity experienced by informal caregivers is associated with increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, in particular influenza. A pragmatic trial was conducted to examine whether a stress management intervention (SMI) could reduce psychological morbidity and enhance the antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly, and whether changes in immune response of SMI participants were associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity.

Methods: Forty-three elderly spousal carers of dementia patients and 27 non-carer controls were recruited.

An investigation into the relationship between salivary cortisol, stress, anxiety and depression.

This study examined the relationship between indices of self-reported emotional distress and absolute versus change in cortisol levels. Fifty-four women attending a diagnostic breast clinic completed scales measuring stress, anxiety and depression and provided five saliva samples over the course of a single day for the measurement of cortisol. No significant relationships were evident between absolute cortisol levels and the distress measures.

Chronic stress in nonelderly caregivers: psychological, endocrine and immune implications.

Objective: This investigation examined whether the immune dysregulation that characterises elderly informal caregivers (e.g., spousal caregivers of dementia patients) extends to a younger caregiver population, specifically spousal carers of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).