Baseline Characteristics of Self-Determination Theory Constructs and Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity: The Exercise Promotion in Primary Care (EPPC) Trial.

Background: Health behavior change theories provide a conceptual basis to promote physical activity, one of which is the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). This cross-sectional study compared SDT constructs, specifically exercise goal setting, exercise planning, and outcome expectations, with objectively assessed Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) among a demographically diverse cohort of adults.

Methods: Participants were 18 to 74 years with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes not prescribed insulin and were physically inactive by self-report.

City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Youth Body Mass Index Percentile.

Importance: Levying excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) distributors, which are subsequently passed on to consumers, is a policy implemented to reduce the high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and generate public health funding. Taxes are associated with lower SSB purchases and consumption, but it is unknown whether they are associated with weight-related outcomes in youth.

Objective: To determine the association of SSB excise taxes with youth body mass index (BMI) trajectories.

The Effect of City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes on Longitudinal HbA1c and Incident Diabetes in Adults With Prediabetes.

Objective: Prediabetes, which is a condition characterized by higher-than-normal blood glucose levels that are under the threshold for diabetes, impacts over one-third of U.S. adults.

Associations of Physical Inactivity and COVID-19 Outcomes Among Subgroups.

Introduction: Physical activity before COVID-19 infection is associated with less severe outcomes. The study determined whether a dose‒response association was observed and whether the associations were consistent across demographic subgroups and chronic conditions.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California adult patients who had a positive COVID-19 diagnosis between January 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 was created.

The longitudinal associations of physical activity, time spent outdoors in nature and symptoms of depression and anxiety during COVID-19 quarantine and social distancing in the United States.

Stressors associated with COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home orders are associated with increased depression and anxiety and decreased physical activity. Given that physical activity and time spent outdoors in nature are associated with improved mental health, we examined the longitudinal association of these variables during the pandemic. Over 20,000 adults who participated in the U.

Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients.

Objectives: To compare hospitalisation rates, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality for patients with COVID-19 who were consistently inactive, doing some activity or consistently meeting physical activity guidelines.

Methods: We identified 48 440 adult patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis from 1 January 2020 to 21 October 2020, with at least three exercise vital sign measurements from 19 March 2018 to 18 March 2020. We linked each patient's self-reported physical activity category (consistently inactive=0-10 min/week, some activity=11-149 min/week, consistently meeting guidelines=150+ min/week) to the risk of hospitalisation, ICU admission and death after COVID-19 diagnosis.

Bariatric Surgical Alterations in Tolerability, Enjoyment and Cravings in the Diet (BSATED) instrument: A new scale to measure food preferences following bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery is associated with changing food preferences, but it is not known whether these changes differ by type of operation or are associated with weight loss. The current study presents validation results for a new 27-item scale, Bariatric Surgical Alterations in Tolerability, Enjoyment and Cravings in the Diet (BSATED). This scale measured enjoyment, craving, and intolerance changes for nine food and beverage categories common to dietary habits in the Southern California region of the U.

The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG): Factors Related to Having Bariatric Surgery in a Large Integrated Healthcare System.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, but currently, only 1-2% of all eligible patients undergo surgery each year. This study examined which factors were associated with a patient receiving bariatric surgery after referral in a real-world healthcare setting.

Materials And Methods: The current study used the baseline survey and electronic medical record (EMR) data from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study (n = 1975).

Evidence-Based Policy Making for Public Health Interventions in Cardiovascular Diseases: Formally Assessing the Feasibility of Clinical Trials.

Implementation of prevention policies has often been impeded or delayed due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with hard clinical outcomes (eg, incident disease, mortality). Despite the prominent role of RCTs in health care, it may not always be feasible to conduct RCTs of public health interventions with hard outcomes due to logistical and ethical considerations. RCTs may also lack external validity and have limited generalizability.

Characteristics of adults with overweight and obesity who have not attempted weight loss in the prior 12 months.

Objective: To determine weight-related characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity who had not attempted weight loss in the prior 12 months.

Methods: Adults from the obesity cohort of the PORTAL clinical data research network were randomly selected to complete a survey in 2015. It included topics of experiences with health care providers, weight history, and health-promoting behaviors.

Dietary behaviors and poor sleep quality among young adult women: watch that sugary caffeine!

Purpose: Associations of dietary patterns with sleep quality have not been sufficiently studied, particularly among young adults. Studying factors associated with sleep quality among young adults are especially important given the significant life changes they are experiencing, which can influence not only sleep quality but also dietary behaviors.

Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association of sleep quality among 462 women at age 23 years.

A commercially available crime index may be a reliable alternative to actual census-tract crime in an urban area.

Health research on the effects of crime has been hampered by a lack of small-scale, reliable crime data. Our objective is to assess the accuracy of a set of commercially available crime indices for use in health research. The 2016 release of Applied Geographic Solutions' (AGS) crime indices are based on data from 2010 to 2014 and provide tract-level information on crime.

The trajectory of patterns of light and sedentary physical activity among females, ages 14-23.

Purpose: Light physical activity (LPA) and patterns of sedentary behavior influence cardio-metabolic health independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Understanding the trajectory and determinants of these activity levels over time may provide insights relevant to public health practice.

Methods: We measured a cohort of young women recruited in middle school (age 14) using accelerometry for 1 week and remeasured them in high school (age 17) and again at age 23 (n = 385).

Telephone-based motivational interviewing versus usual care in primary care to increase physical activity: a randomized pilot study.

Background: Diabetes and prediabetes are chronic conditions that affect over 40% of the US adult population combined. Regular physical activity can benefit people with diabetes through improved glucose control and can reduce the conversion of prediabetes to diabetes. Studies are needed in settings where people with these conditions can be identified and provided the skills and support to increase physical activity.

Sedentary Behaviors in Today's Youth: Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

This scientific statement is about sedentary behavior and its relationship to obesity and other cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. A deleterious effect of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health is most notable for screen-based behaviors and adiposity; however, this relation is less apparent for other cardiometabolic outcomes or when sedentary time is measured with objective movement counters or position monitors. Increasing trends of screen time are concerning; the portability of screen-based devices and abundant access to unlimited programming and online content may be leading to new patterns of consumption that are exposing youth to multiple pathways harmful to cardiometabolic health.

Routine Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity in Healthcare Settings: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Physical inactivity is one of the most prevalent major health risk factors, with 8 in 10 US adults not meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines, and is associated with a high burden of cardiovascular disease. Improving and maintaining recommended levels of physical activity leads to reductions in metabolic, hemodynamic, functional, body composition, and epigenetic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases. Physical activity also has a significant role, in many cases comparable or superior to drug interventions, in the prevention and management of >40 conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression, Alzheimer disease, and arthritis.

Associations of overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status with hypertension prevalence across racial and ethnic groups.

Racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension are persistent but may be partially explained by racial/ethnic differences in weight category and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The authors compared hypertension prevalence rates among 4 060 585 adults with overweight or obesity across 10 healthcare systems by weight category and neighborhood education level in geographically and racially diverse individuals. Data were obtained from electronic health records.

Sensitizing Black Adult and Youth Consumers to Targeted Food Marketing Tactics in Their Environments.

Food marketing environments of Black American consumers are heavily affected by ethnically-targeted marketing of sugar sweetened beverages, fast foods, and other products that may contribute to caloric overconsumption. This qualitative study assessed Black consumers' responses to targeted marketing. Black adults (2 mixed gender groups; total n = 30) and youth (2 gender specific groups; total n = 35) from two U.

Cardiorespiratory benefits of group exercise among adults with serious mental illness.

This study examined cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among adults with serious mental illness (SMI) participating in group exercise classes. Overweight and obese adults with SMI were randomized to either a control condition or a weight management condition with group exercise classes (n = 222). Submaximal bicycle ergometry was used to assess CRF at baseline, 6 and 18 months.

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among 1.3 Million Adults With Overweight or Obesity, but Not Diabetes, in 10 Geographically Diverse Regions of the United States, 2012-2013.

Introduction: Various phenotypes of overweight and obesity pose various health risks. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of 4 commonly measured cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) among adults with overweight or obesity, but not diabetes, at the time of the study.

Methods: We analyzed data for 1,294,174 adults (aged ≥20 y) who were members of one of 4 integrated health systems.

Re-recruiting young adult women into a second follow-up study.

Background: Recruitment among young adults presents a unique set of challenges as they are difficult to reach through conventional methods.

Purpose: To describe our experience using both traditional and nontraditional methods in the re-recruitment of young adult women into the second follow-up study of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG).

Methods: 589 adolescent girls were re-recruited as 11th graders into TAAG 2.