Hydropersulfides Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation and Protect Cells from Ferroptosis.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are believed to serve important roles , including as scavengers of damaging oxidants and electrophiles. The α-effect makes RSSH not only much better nucleophiles than thiols (RSH), but also much more potent H-atom transfer agents. Since HAT is the mechanism of action of the most potent small-molecule inhibitors of phospholipid peroxidation and associated ferroptotic cell death, we have investigated their reactivity in this context.

CDK9 activity switch associated with AFF1 and HEXIM1 controls differentiation initiation from epidermal progenitors.

Progenitors in epithelial tissues, such as human skin epidermis, continuously make fate decisions between self-renewal and differentiation. Here we show that the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) controls progenitor fate decisions by directly suppressing a group of "rapid response" genes, which feature high enrichment of paused Pol II in the progenitor state and robust Pol II elongation in differentiation. SEC's repressive role is dependent on the AFF1 scaffold, but not AFF4.

An efficient synthesis of RNA containing GS-441524: the nucleoside precursor of remdesivir.

Remdesivir is an antiviral nucleoside phosphoramidate with activity against multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. To enable studies of viral polymerases with RNA containing remdesivir, we report an efficient synthesis of a phosphoramidite of GS-441524, the nucleoside precursor of remdesivir, and its incorporation into RNA using automated solid-phase RNA synthesis.

Type I but Not Type II Calreticulin Mutations Activate the IRE1α/XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response to Drive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Unlabelled: Approximately 20% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) harbor mutations in the gene calreticulin (CALR), with 80% of those mutations classified as either type I or type II. While type II CALR-mutant proteins retain many of the Ca2+ binding sites present in the wild-type protein, type I CALR-mutant proteins lose these residues. The functional consequences of this differential loss of Ca2+ binding sites remain unexplored.

What every dentist needs to know about obesity and oral health.

Obesity has an adverse effect on the body as a whole and greatly increases an individual's risk for numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and cancer. In addition, the link between diabetes and periodontitis has been well documented, and possible links between obesity and other oral health problems, such as caries, are being investigated. As more has been learned about the association between periodontal disease and other inflammatory diseases, including obesity, dentists have gained greater responsibility in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Acquiring human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy and mother-to-child transmission in New York: 2002-2006.

Objective: To assess perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure and factors associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Methods: A cohort analysis of HIV-exposed births in New York State from 2002 to 2006 was undertaken using routinely collected public health surveillance and regulatory data, including Newborn Screening HIV antibody results, pediatric HIV diagnostic test results, and maternal and pediatric medical record abstractions.

Results: Between January 2002 and December 2006, we identified 3,396 HIV-exposed neonoates.

Decision making for the patient who presents with acute dental pain.

Patients who require dental emergency care for pain or trauma may not be able to see a dental practitioner for treatment. The patients often seek care in alternative medical facilities when the symptoms are too severe to be managed by over-the-counter medications. Nurses, physicians, and allied medical staff may be required to triage these patients and provide palliative treatment until the patient is able to seek definitive dental treatment.