Food-Away-From-Home Options in Local Military Nutrition Environments.

Introduction: Americans have increased their intake of food away from home, which is lower in quality and higher in calories than food prepared at home. The increase of operations that serve food also impacts the military nutrition environment-including all foods, beverages, and dietary supplements available to the military community-and its role in nutritional fitness.

Methods: As part of a pilot study, 5 military installations used the online Military Nutrition Environment Assessment Tool to evaluate their local food landscape.

Epigenetic Regulation of iASPP-p63 Feedback Loop in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Keratinocyte skin cancer, comprising cutaneous squamous (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma, is the most common malignancy in the United Kingdom. P53 is frequently mutated in cSCC. iASPP is a key inhibitor of p53 and NF-κB signaling pathways and has been documented as highly expressed in several types of human cancer.

Development of Electronic Chemotherapy Roadmaps for Pediatric Oncology Patients.

A chemotherapy roadmap is a summary of the chemotherapy plan for a pediatric oncology patient. Chemotherapy roadmaps exist as paper documents for most, if not all, pediatric oncology programs. Paper chemotherapy roadmaps are associated with risks that can negatively affect the safety of the chemotherapy process.

Implementation of Best Practices in Obesity Prevention in Child Care Facilities: The Arizona Empower Program, 2013-2015.

Introduction: Obesity is a major health concern in every US age group. Approximately one in 4 children in Arizona's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is overweight or obese. The Arizona Department of Health Services developed the Empower program to promote healthy environments in licensed child care facilities.

The Diagnostic Shift of SIDS to Undetermined: Are There Unintended Consequences?

Over the last two decades, a diagnostic shift in regards to the certification of sudden deaths in infancy has emerged with reassignment of deaths previously certified as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) to a trend utilizing the classification of undetermined or asphyxia. The consequences of this shift outside the medicolegal death investigation (MDI) community is unknown. We surveyed US organizations working in the field of sudden infant death as well as bereaved parents to understand their perceptions of the current diagnostic trends.

Constitutive Autophagy and Nucleophagy during Epidermal Differentiation.

Epidermal keratinocytes migrate through the epidermis up to the granular layer where, on terminal differentiation, they progressively lose organelles and convert into anucleate cells or corneocytes. Our report explores the role of autophagy in ensuring epidermal function providing the first comprehensive profile of autophagy marker expression in developing epidermis. We show that autophagy is constitutively active in the epidermal granular layer where by electron microscopy we identified double-membrane autophagosomes.

Best Practices for Chemotherapy Administration in Pediatric Oncology: Quality and Safety Process Improvements (2015).

The administration of chemotherapy to children with cancer is a high-risk process that must be performed in a safe and consistent manner with high reliability. Clinical trials play a major role in the treatment of children with cancer; conformance to chemotherapy protocol requirements and accurate documentation in the medical record are critical. Inconsistencies in the administration and documentation of chemotherapy were identified as opportunities for errors to occur.

Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations for Hydration in Children and Adolescents With Cancer Receiving Intravenous Cyclophosphamide.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a known complication of cyclophosphamide, an antineoplastic agent used to treat a variety of oncologic diseases in children. Hydration can prevent hemorrhagic cystitis; however, use varies in clinical practice. A team was assembled to develop evidence-based practice recommendations to address the following question: in a population of children with cancer, what is the appropriate pre- and posthydration for the administration of different dose levels of intravenous cyclophosphamide to prevent bladder toxicity? The purpose was to identify the appropriate rate, duration, and route of hydration to prevent bladder toxicity with low, intermediate, and high dose cyclophosphamide.

Family physicians who have focused practices in oncology: results of a national survey.

Objective: To characterize the demographic characteristics, practice profile, and current work life of general practitioners in oncology (GPOs) for the first time.

Design: National Web survey performed in March 2011.

Setting: Canada.

Nutritional screening and early intervention in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer.

Children and adolescents with cancer who receive chemotherapy and/or radiation treatments are at risk for malnutrition due to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and mouth sores. Malnutrition during treatment for childhood cancer increases the risk of infection, decreases tolerance to treatment, and even affects overall survival. A retrospective analysis of 79 children, adolescents, and young adults was conducted to evaluate nutritional screening at baseline and for the first 6 months of treatment.

Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of falling and choking.

Acutely ill psychiatric patients experience symptoms and take medications that increase their risk of both falling and choking; however, nurses and other caregivers may not be keenly aware of these risks. This article will provide a brief review of the literature related to risk factors for falls and choking and interventions to prevent falls and choking. Increased education for nursing students and staff employed at inpatient psychiatric units has the potential to reduce both incidence and injuries related to falls and choking.

Attitudes and beliefs about mental health among African American older adults suffering from depression.

Depression among older adults is a major public health concern leading to increased disability and mortality. Less than 3% of older adults utilize professional mental health services for the treatment of depression, less than any other adult age group. And despite similar rates of depression, African Americans are significantly less likely to seek, engage and be retained in professional mental health services than their white counterparts.

Trafficking and signaling in mammalian autophagy.

Macroautophagy, here called autophagy, is literally a "self-eating" catabolic process, which is evolutionarily conserved. Autophagy is initiated by cellular stress pathways, resulting in the sequestration or engulfment of cytosolic proteins, membranes, and organelles in a double membrane structure that fuses with endosomes and lysosomes, thus delivering the sequestered material for degradation. Autophagy is implicated in a number of human diseases, many of which can either be characterized by an imbalance in protein, organelle, or cellular homeostasis, ultimately resulting in an alteration of the autophagic response.

Delayed vomiting in children with cancer after receiving moderately high or highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

Delayed vomiting is a potentially significant adverse effect of chemotherapy used to treat childhood cancer, but little is known about the experience of delayed vomiting in children and adolescents. An exploratory study was conducted to determine the pattern of delayed vomiting in children and adolescents with cancer after highly emetic chemotherapy and to identify possible risk factors. In a sample of 82 children and adolescents who completed 117 cycles of highly emetic chemotherapy, the overall prevalence of delayed vomiting was 32%.

Glycogenin protein and mRNA expression in response to changing glycogen concentration in exercise and recovery.

Glycogenin (GN-1) is essential for the formation of a glycogen granule; however, rarely has it been studied when glycogen concentration changes in exercise and recovery. It is unclear whether GN-1 is degraded or is liberated and exists as apoprotein (apo)-GN-1 (unglycosylated). To examine this, we measured GN-1 protein and mRNA level at rest, at exhaustion (EXH), and during 5 h of recovery in which the rate of glycogen restoration was influenced by carbohydrate (CHO) provision.

Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis for safe administration of chemotherapy to hospitalized children with cancer.

Background: The administration of chemotherapy to hospitalized children with cancer is a complex and high-risk process. A team divided the process into three areas--prescribing, dispensing, and administration--and used Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify the elements of risk and implement appropriate strategies. For each area, potential failures within subprocesses were assigned risk priority numbers (RPNs), reflecting their frequency, severity, and detectability.

Increases in glycogenin and glycogenin mRNA accompany glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle.

Glycogenin is the self-glycosylating protein primer that initiates glycogen granule formation. To examine the role of this protein during glycogen resynthesis, eight male subjects exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at 75% Vo2 max followed by five 30-s sprints at maximal capacity to further deplete glycogen stores. During recovery, carbohydrate (75 g/h) was supplied to promote rapid glycogen repletion, and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at 0, 30, 120, and 300 min postexercise.

Glycogenin activity and mRNA expression in response to volitional exhaustion in human skeletal muscle.

Glycogenolysis results in the selective catabolism of individual glycogen granules by glycogen phosphorylase. However, once the carbohydrate portion of the granule is metabolized, the fate of glycogenin, the protein primer of granule formation, is not known. To examine this, male subjects (n = 6) exercised to volitional exhaustion (Exh) on a cycle ergometer at 75% maximal O2 uptake.

Norepinephrine but not serotonin reuptake inhibitors enhance theta and gamma activity of the septo-hippocampal system.

Current neurobiological concepts attribute a central role of the hippocampal formation in cognitive and affective processes. Recent studies indicate that the hippocampus is affected in human depression, and antidepressant drugs induce hippocampal adaptive changes that are thought to be associated with their therapeutic action. In the present study, we investigated the action of various antidepressant drugs on the activity of the septo-hippocampal system, its oscillatory activity in particular.

Analysis of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanosphere uptake by human dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and characterize phagocytosis of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres by human dendritic cells (DCs).

Methods: Parallel cultures of DCs and macrophages (Mphi) were established from peripheral blood leukocytes using media supplemented with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulator factor and interleukin-4 (for DC) or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulator factor alone (for Mphi). PLGA nanospheres containing tetramethylrhodamine-labeled dextran with or without an adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A, were prepared using a water/oil/water solvent evaporation technique.

Influence of episodes of summer O on δ and δ fatty acids in autumnal lipids of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst].

Current year needles from 5 yr-old Norway spruce trees, which had been exposed to either episodes of atmospheric O , or periodic mistings with simulated acid rainwater throughout three summer periods, were-analyzed for changes in molar percentages and ratios of fatty acids isolated from different lipids at the time of maximum winter hardening. No significant changes due to acidic misting were detected but significant decreases in the degree of unsaturation off both C and C , fatty acids, the molar percentage of δ , and the molar ratio δ 18: 2 to δ 18:2 in monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) due to summer 0 exposures were found. Molar percentages and ratios of fatty acids did not change much in other lipids bur these changes in plastidie MGDG could be traced to a significant effect of summer O on the δ - and δ -desaturases acting upon phosphatidyl choline (PC) in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Seasonal changes in the pigments of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, and the influence of summer ozone exposures.

There are always significant pigment changes in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles with time in different year classes, even through the winter, but no significant changes in current year needles occur either during summer exposure due to ozone (70 nl i ) or in the winter following.