Individual placement and support for young adults: One-year outcomes.

Objective: Many young adults who are unemployed and not in school need support achieving employment goals. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based employment practice for adults with serious mental illness, but its applicability to young adults with mental health conditions has not been well-researched. The present study prospectively assessed IPS effectiveness in a national sample of young adults enrolled in routine practice settings in the U.

Individual placement and support programmes for young adults: Where are they and whom do they serve?

Aim: Individual Placement and Support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment model developed for adults with serious mental illness, has been recently targeted to young adults with mental health conditions, but little is known about its adoption in this age group in the United States.

Methods: We recruited a volunteer sample of nine IPS programmes in five states serving young adults with mental health conditions aged 16 to 24. IPS team leaders reported programme and participant characteristics and rated barriers to employment and education.

Update on funding IPS supported employment services in the IPS learning community.

Objective: Individual placement and support (IPS) is the evidence-based supported employment approach for people with serious mental illness. Because funding is the major barrier for states to implement IPS and increase access, the IPS Learning Community collected information about sources of IPS funding from 24 member states.

Methods: In early 2020, IPS employment leaders from the public mental health authority and the state vocational rehabilitation (VR) authority completed a questionnaire identifying sources of funding for IPS in their states.

Growth of IPS Supported Employment Programs in the United States: An Update.

Objective: Individual placement and support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment practice, is a core service in community mental health in the United States. Several factors promote the growth of IPS, including a network of 24 states participating in a learning community devoted to expanding IPS services. This study examined growth of IPS in the United States from 2016 to 2019, comparing growth rates for states within and outside the learning community.

Helping People Denied Disability Benefits for a Mental Health Impairment: The Supported Employment Demonstration.

Social Security Administration demonstration projects that are intended to help people receiving disability benefits have increased employment but not the number of exits from disability programs. The Supported Employment Demonstration (SED) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of services for individuals with mental health problems before they enter disability programs. The SED aims to provide health, employment, and other support services that help them become self-sufficient and avoid entering disability programs.

COVID-19, Unemployment, and Behavioral Health Conditions: The Need for Supported Employment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive unemployment, exacerbated pre-existing behavioral health (mental health and substance use) disorders for many people, and created new disorders for others. Although policy changes have increased health care and unemployment benefits, most people want jobs and self-sufficiency rather than handouts. A robust evidence base shows that supported employment can enable unemployed people with behavioral health conditions to find competitive, integrated employment and behavioral health supports.

A Tale of Four States: Factors Influencing the Statewide Adoption of IPS.

Evidence-based supported employment has become a core community mental health service in much of the U.S. Although a national learning community has facilitated progress in about half of the states, other states have tried to implement evidence-based supported employment on their own.

Growth and Sustainment of Individual Placement and Support.

Many people with serious mental disorders want to work. Individual placement and support (IPS), an evidence-based program that helps such individuals find and maintain jobs of their choice, has spread steadily across the United States (which has more than 1,000 IPS programs) and to at least 19 other countries during the past 20 years. Four factors explain the program's success.

Personnel time required for supported employment and education services for individuals in a recent-onset psychosis treatment program.

Aim: Individual Placement and Support (IPS) improves vocational outcomes in first-episode psychosis patients, but policy makers need information on costs (and personnel time required) to conduct effective IPS.

Methods: Using chart records of 42 clients in a first-episode psychosis study, we examined service time for specific activities over 18 months.

Results: The IPS specialist averaged 92 (SD = 62) minutes per client per week: 39% of time was spent in direct client contact, 9% in meetings without the client, 14% in meetings with the treatment team, 14% in supervision and 24% on travel time.

Commentary on special issue on individual placement and support (IPS) international.

Objective: In this commentary, we identify major themes found in this set of 11 articles, which examine the history of individual placement and support (IPS) adoption within each nation.

Method: We summarize major barriers and strategies to achieve to IPS adoption and implementation and briefly discuss IPS research conducted in these countries.

Findings: Faced with many barriers, countries are developing strategies to promote IPS implementation and dissemination.

Enhancing return to work or school after a first episode of schizophrenia: the UCLA RCT of Individual Placement and Support and Workplace Fundamentals Module training.

Background: This study evaluated in a rigorous 18-month randomized controlled trial the efficacy of an enhanced vocational intervention for helping individuals with a recent first schizophrenia episode to return to and remain in competitive work or regular schooling.

Methods: Individual Placement and Support (IPS) was adapted to meet the goals of individuals whose goals might involve either employment or schooling. IPS was combined with a Workplace Fundamentals Module (WFM) for an enhanced, outpatient, vocational intervention.

Introducing Individual Placement and Support (IPS) supported employment in Japan.

Individual Placement and Support is a standardized model of supported employment, developed initially for people with serious mental disorders and now applied to people with a range of disabilities. More than two dozen randomized controlled trials around the world show that the approach helps a majority of participants to succeed in competitive employment. Individual Placement and Support is spreading rapidly across the USA and in many other high-income countries, with facilitation by an international learning community.

Individual Placement and Support (IPS) for Methadone Maintenance Therapy Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based employment model for people with severe mental illness, but it has not been evaluated for clients enrolled in substance abuse treatment programs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of IPS for people with opioid use disorders enrolled in an opioid treatment program. Within a randomized controlled experiment, 45 patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy were assigned to either IPS or a 6-month waitlist.

Prevalence and Quality of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) Supported Employment in the United States.

The individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment for people with serious mental illness is an evidence-based practice. Factors including a national learning community promoting IPS and enforcement of the Supreme Court's Olmstead decision have spurred the growth of IPS nationwide. In this study we first evaluated the national prevalence and quality of IPS programs.

Barriers and Facilitators to Sustainment of an Evidence-Based Supported Employment Program.

Large-scale initiatives to expand evidence-based practices are often poorly implemented and rarely endure. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to sustainment of an evidence-based supported employment program, Individual Placement and Support (IPS). Within a 2-year prospective study of sustainment among 129 IPS programs in 13 states participating in a national learning community, we interviewed IPS team leaders and coded their responses to semi-structured interviews using a conceptual framework adapted from another large-scale implementation study.

Sustaining and Expanding Evidence-Based Supported Employment: The Role of State Leaders Participating in a Learning Community.

State leaders often promote implementation of evidence-based practices but have difficulty sustaining and expanding them over time. This paper examines the activities of leaders in 13 states that have successfully implemented, sustained, and expanded evidence-based supported employment, known as Individual Placement and Support (IPS), for 4 to 12 years. We interviewed state leaders from 13 states participating in a learning community regarding the composition of their leadership team, participation in the learning community, interagency collaboration, state policy alignment, financing, training, and monitoring of fidelity and outcome.

An RCT Evaluating the Effects of Skills Training and Medication Type on Work Outcomes Among Patients With Schizophrenia.

Objective: Although supported employment increases job acquisition for people with serious mental illness, data on participants' job tenure have been variable. This study evaluated the effects of a standardized work skills training program (the Workplace Fundamentals Module [WPFM]) on job tenure and other work outcomes among individuals receiving individual placement and support (IPS). The effects of two atypical antipsychotic medications on side effects were also tested.

The IPS Learning Community: A Longitudinal Study of Sustainment, Quality, and Outcome.

Objective: Implementations of evidence-based mental health practices often disappear quickly, and few studies have examined sustainment. Since 2001, the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) learning community has promoted dissemination, implementation, sustainment, and expansion of IPS by using multiple strategies: online training, in-person training and technical assistance, technical assistance teleconferences, annual meetings, stakeholder conference calls, fidelity assessments, and transparency of outcomes. This study examined sustainment of IPS over a two-year period among programs in the learning community in the United States.

A Controlled Trial of Supported Employment for People With Severe Mental Illness and Justice Involvement.

Objective: Employment is a key to participation in community life for people with severe mental illness, especially those who have been involved in the criminal justice system. Although the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment has been established as an evidence-based practice for helping people with severe mental illness attain competitive employment, little is known about whether IPS is effective for people with severe mental illness who have a history of arrest or incarceration. This study examined this question.

Cognitive Enhancement Treatment for People With Mental Illness Who Do Not Respond to Supported Employment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Cognitive impairment presents a serious and common obstacle to competitive employment for people with severe mental illness, including those who receive supported employment. This study evaluated a cognitive enhancement program to improve cognition and competitive employment in people with mental illness who had not responded to supported employment.

Method: In a randomized controlled trial, 107 people with severe mental illness (46% with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) who had not obtained or kept competitive work despite receiving high-fidelity supported employment were assigned to receive either enhanced supported employment (with specialized cognitive training of employment specialists) or enhanced supported employment plus the Thinking Skills for Work program, a standardized cognitive enhancement program that includes practice of computer cognitive exercises, strategy coaching, and teaching of coping and compensatory strategies.