Under- and post-graduate training to manage the acutely unwell patient: a scoping review.

Background: Junior doctors are often the first responders to acutely unwell patients and yet frequently report feeling under-prepared to do so. To understand whether this is consequential of how medical students and doctors are trained to manage acutely unwell patients, a scoping review was conducted using a systematic approach.

Methods: The review, informed by the Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, identified educational interventions targeting the management of acutely unwell adults.

Using Insights From Sports Psychology to Improve Recently Qualified Doctors' Self-Efficacy While Managing Acutely Unwell Patients.

Problem: Doctors experience a range of negative reactions when managing acutely unwell patients. These may manifest as emotions or behaviors. Without appropriate coping strategies, these emotions and behaviors can impede optimal clinical performance, which directly affects patient care.

Twelve tips for facilitating medical students prescribing learning on clinical placement.

Prescribing is a complex clinical skill requiring mastery by the end of basic medical training. Prescribing errors are common in newly qualified doctors, aligned with expressed anxiety about prescribing, particularly with high-risk medications. Learning about prescribing needs to start early in medical training, underpinned by regular opportunities for reflective practice.

Pre-University education curriculum reform and the generic learning skills of medical school entrants: Lessons learned from South Africa.

Background: Pre-university education curriculum changes may increase the skills and knowledge gap between secondary (high school) and tertiary (university) education that have been identified as having a major impact on the success of students from underresourced educational backgrounds. This study investigated the impact of extensive pre-university curriculum revision on the generic learning skills of entrants to South African medical schools, which admit students directly from high school.

Methods: In this prospective study, students entering four medical schools during 2008-2011 were surveyed to determine their practice of and confidence in information handling, managing own learning, technical and numeracy skills, and computer, organizational, and presentation skills in the 12-month preceding entry.

Classifying simulation-based studies using the description, justification and clarification framework: a review of simulation conference abstracts.

Introduction: Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is an accepted learning methodology with an ever-expanding evidence base. Concerns have been expressed that research output in SBME lacks explicit links to educational theory. Using the 'Description, Justification and Clarification' framework we have investigated the extent to which SBME conference abstracts declare the educational theory underpinning their studies.

Feedback mapping - The curricular cornerstone of an "educational alliance".

Purpose: The "educational alliance" concept articulates a collaborative framework to facilitate effective feedback through transparency of opportunities aligned with learner stage and intended educational outcomes. Using this framework, we evaluated feedback across a 5 year undergraduate medical program to support embedding a successful learner - teacher "educational alliance".

Method: A comprehensive mapping exercise used an iterative action research process of source documentary analysis, consultations with key curriculum stakeholders and qualitative analysis.

Medical Student Perceptions of Feedback and Feedback Behaviors Within the Context of the "Educational Alliance".

Purpose: Using the "educational alliance" as a conceptual framework, the authors explored medical students' beliefs about feedback and how their feedback behaviors reflect their perceptions.

Method: Five focus groups (four to six medical students each) at one UK medical school in 2015 were used to capture and elucidate learners' feedback perceptions and behaviors within the context of the learner-educator relationship. A map of key feedback opportunities across the program was used as a tool for exploring student engagement with the feedback process.

What can medical educators learn from the Rio 2016 Olympic Games?

Medical Educators face an ongoing challenge in optimizing preparedness for practice for newly qualified doctors. Junior doctors have highlighted specific areas in which they do not feel adequately equipped to undertake their duties, including managing the acutely unwell patient. In these highly stressful, time-critical scenarios it might be assumed that a lack of knowledge underpins these feelings of apprehension from junior medics; however, having studied, trained and passed examinations to demonstrate such knowledge, perhaps other factors should be considered.

Appreciative inquiry in medical education.

The practice of medicine, and also medical education, typically adopts a problem-solving approach to identify "what is going wrong" with a situation. However, an alternative is Appreciative Inquiry (AI), which adopts a positive and strengths-based approach to identify "what is going well" with a situation. The AI approach can be used for the development and enhancement of the potential of both individuals and organizations.

The supervisor's toolkit: A framework for doctoral supervision in health professions education: AMEE Guide No. 104.

Doctoral studies represent a complex undertaking for students and supervisors. Some research describes the experience of students while there are volumes of advice for students considering a doctorate. Yet the terrain for supervisors is less well-trodden and the concept of a pedagogy of supervision is only really starting to emerge.

A qualitative study of enablers and barriers influencing the incorporation of social accountability values into organisational culture: a perspective from two medical schools.

Background: Definitions of social accountability describe the obligation of medical schools to direct education, research and service activities towards addressing the priority health concerns of the population they serve. While such statements give some direction as to how the goal might be reached, it does not identify what factors might facilitate or hinder its achievement. This study set out to identify and explore enablers and barriers influencing the incorporation of social accountability values into medical schools.

Developing Enterprise Skills in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Mixed-methods Evaluation.

Introduction: Support for the development of enterprise skills in medical education exists from the perspectives of educators, researchers, and healthcare leaders. However, literature is limited evaluating the understanding of medical students about these skills. This study aimed to determine whether medical students valued gaining enterprise skills within the course and those skills that they identified and recognized contributed to enterprise practice in subsequent training.

A model of professional self-identity formation in student doctors and dentists: a mixed method study.

Background: Professional self-identity [PSI] can be defined as the degree to which an individual identifies with his or her professional group. Several authors have called for a better understanding of the processes by which healthcare students develop their professional identities, and suggested helpful theoretical frameworks borrowed from the social science and psychology literature. However to our knowledge, there has been little empirical work examining these processes in actual healthcare students, and we are aware of no data driven description of PSI development in healthcare students.

Supervisor or mentor: is there a difference? Implications for paediatric practice.

The formal roles of educational and clinical supervisor focus on education planning and goal setting against required training elements. Assessment of performance is integral to these roles that necessarily involve some elements of developmental support to trainees. Mentoring is increasingly seen as a desirable route to support doctors in training.

How do undergraduate medical students perceive social accountability?

Aim: The concept of social accountability within undergraduate training is embedded within the remit of medical schools. Little is known of how medical students perceive social accountability, recognize aspects of their training contributing to the development of this concept and cultivate the underpinning values.

Methods: Students nearing graduation were recruited to participate in focus groups designed to explore their perceptions of social accountability, which curricular aspects had contributed to their understanding, and to investigate the implications of individual variations in training.

How can medical schools contribute to bringing about health equity?

The role of medical schools is in a process of change. The World Health Organization has declared that they can no longer be ivory towers whose primary focus is the production of specialist physicians and cutting edge laboratory research. They must also be socially accountable and direct their activities towards meeting the priority health concerns of the areas they serve.

Electives in undergraduate medical education: AMEE Guide No. 88.

This Guide outlines the scope and potential roles an elective can contribute to undergraduate medical training and identifies ways to maximize learning opportunities, including within global health. The types of educational activity available for electives range from meeting individual educational need through to exploration of potential career pathways, with many factors influencing choice. Key areas of organization underpinning a successful elective before, during and after the placement include developing clarity of the intended educational outcomes as well as addressing practicalities such as travel and accommodation.

Effectiveness of melatonin for sleep impairment post paediatric acquired brain injury: evidence from a systematic review.

Objective: To retrieve and review all the relevant literature describing the administration of melatonin to treat impaired sleep in children following acquired brain injury (ABI).

Methods: A systematic search and retrieval of the literature was conducted using advanced search techniques. The retrieval identified 589 papers, seven of which were relevant.

Reflection: moving from a mandatory ritual to meaningful professional development.

Reflection has become established as a key principle underpinning maintenance of standards within professional education and practice. A requirement to evidence reflection within performance review is intended to develop a transformative approach to practice, identify developmental goals, and ultimately, improve healthcare. However, some applications have taken an excessively instrumental approach to the evidencing of reflection, and while they have provided useful templates or framing devices for recording individualistic reflective practice, they potentially have distorted the original intentions.

Generic learning skills in academically-at-risk medical students: a development programme bridges the gap.

Background: Widening access to medical students from diverse educational backgrounds is a global educational mandate. The impact, on students' generic learning skills profiles, of development programmes designed for students at risk of attrition is unknown.

Aims: This study investigated the impact of a 12-month Intervention Programme (IP) on the generic learning skills profile of academically-at-risk students who, after failing at the end of the first semester, completed the IP before entering the second semester of a conventional medical training programme.

Maturational differences in undergraduate medical students' perceptions about feedback.

Context: Although medical students receive varied feedback throughout their training programmes, research demonstrates that they frequently perceive it as insufficient. However, supervisors tend to perceive that it is adequate. Students' responses to, and use of, feedback are not clearly understood.