Effects of soil moisture depletion on vegetable crop uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs).

Agricultural crops have a long history of being irrigated with recycled wastewater (RW). However, its use on vegetable crops has been of concern due to the potential prevalence of microcontaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the latter, which represents a possible health hazard to consumers. We investigated the uptake of three PPCPs (atenolol, diclofenac, and ofloxacin), at three different concentrations in irrigation water (0.

Fermentative production of self-toxic fungal secondary metabolites.

Fungi are well known for their vast diversity of secondary metabolites that include many life-saving drugs and highly toxic mycotoxins. In general, fungal cultures producing such metabolites are immune to their toxic effects. However, some are known to produce self-toxic compounds that can pose production optimization challenges if the metabolites are needed in large amounts for chemical modification.

The lecanindoles, nonsteroidal progestins from the terrestrial fungus Verticillium lecanii 6144.

Four new indolosesquiterpenes, lecanindoles A-D (1-4), were isolated from fermentations of the terrestrial fungus Verticillium lecanii 6144. The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated from analysis of spectroscopic data. Compound 2 was reduced to give 4 and its isomer 5.

Homolog separation, a necessity for the proper identification of fungal metabolites.

Monitoring of fungal extracts for the production of novel metabolites, using a modular analytical system combining HPLC with UV-MS-ELS detection, identified culture LL-W1278 as a fungus producing new biopolymers. Only a non-routine HPLC analysis of a culture extract revealed that the standard water-acetonitrile elution method did not separate all members of the metabolite complex. Fine-tuning the eluting solvents established that it was essential to include acid with the water-methanol system to separate the new materials.

Liphagal, a Selective inhibitor of PI3 kinase alpha isolated from the sponge akacoralliphaga: structure elucidation and biomimetic synthesis.

[structure: see text] Liphagal (1), a selective inhibitor of PI3K alpha, has been isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga collected in Dominica. The "liphagane" meroterpenoid carbon skeleton of liphagal (1) is new. A biomimetic total synthesis has been used to confirm the constitution of liphagal (1) and support a proposed biogenesis.

Absolute stereochemistry of unusual biopolymers from Ascomycete culture LL-W1278: examples that derivatives of (S)-6-hydroxymellein are also natural fungal metabolites.

The new linear polyesters, W1278-A, B, and C, were isolated from culture extracts of a freshwater Ascomycete fungus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical transformations, with the absolute configuration established by the circular dichroism (CD) method using (R)-(-)-6-hydroxymellein as reference. Unexpectedly, W1278-A, B, and C contain (S)-6-hydroxymellein residues as concluded from the display of the opposite ellipticity than that of known (3R)-(-)-3,4-dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin as revealed by CD.