Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends Across Regions of the United States From 2001 to 2020 - A United States Cancer Statistics Analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have been decreasing in the United States (US), but there is limited information about differences in these improvements among individuals from different racial and ethnic subgroups across different regions of the US.

Methods: Data from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases were used to examine trends in CRC incidence from 2001 to 2020 using a population-based retrospective cohort study. We obtained annual estimates of CRC incidence and used meta-regression analyses via weighted linear models to identify main effects and interactions that explained differences in CRC incidence trends among groups defined by race/ethnicity and US region while also considering CRC stage and sex.

Spatial nonstationarity and the role of environmental metal exposures on COVID-19 mortality in New Mexico.

Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been influenced by a combination of environmental and sociodemographic drivers. To date, population studies have overwhelmingly focused on the impact of societal factors. In New Mexico, the rate of COVID-19 infection and mortality varied significantly among the state's geographically dispersed, and racially and ethnically diverse populations who are exposed to unique environmental contaminants related to resource extraction industries (e.

Developing and Implementing a Patient-Centered Opioid Prescribing Algorithm among Gynecological Oncology Patients.

The opioid epidemic is a public health crisis. However, opioid prescription recommendations have not been established in gynecological oncology, and guidelines that incorporate patient-reported pain are lacking. The article aims to evaluate prescribing patterns, utilization, and patient-reported pain control in gynecological oncology patients at a large tertiary academic center.

Breast cancer screening attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of Zuni Pueblo women: identifying cornerstones for building effective mammogram screening intervention programs.

Purpose: Breast cancer is the leading form of cancer and has the second highest mortality rate of cancers for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Early screening is critical. This study examines the breast cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of Zuni women in the Southwest United States (U.

Preferences for CPSTF-Recommended Intervention Approaches for Increasing Cancer Screening Among Screen-Eligible Adults in Zuni Pueblo, USA.

We identified preferences toward Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF)-recommended intervention approaches among screen-eligible Zuni Pueblo members in New Mexico, USA and assessed if there were significant differences in those preferences, with the goal of informing the selection of intervention approaches for use in the Zuni Pueblo. We utilize data from a population-based survey (n = 280) focused on 15 CPSTF-recommended intervention approaches designed to improve screening for cervical, breast, and/or colorectal cancer screening. Model-adjusted results suggest some intervention approaches garnered significantly higher support than others.

Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Screening Patterns in Zuni Pueblo Women in the Southwest United States.

American Indian women experience cervical cancer disparities, including later-stage diagnosis and a higher cervical cancer mortality rate. These disparities are interconnected and linked to cervical cancer screening disparities. Cervical cancer when identified early is highly treatable.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Adults in Zuni Pueblo: Factors Associated with FOBT and Colonoscopy Utilization.

Although strategies to mitigate barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening have proven successful in some parts of the US, few of these strategies have been studied in rural, American Indian communities that may exhibit unique culturally driven attitudes toward and knowledge of colorectal cancer and experience increased barriers to healthcare access. In this study, we describe the results of a survey among CRC screen-eligible members of Zuni Pueblo (N = 218) on an array of questions regarding CRC screening behaviors, knowledge, satisfaction with and access to healthcare services, social support for CRC screening, perceptions toward FOBT, and preference for evidence-based interventions or strategies for improving CRC screening rates. Results from the multivariable model suggest age, having a regular healthcare provider, and harboring fewer negative perceptions toward FOBT are key drivers of ever completing CRC screening.

Effects of COVID-19 Financial and Social Hardships on Infants' and Toddlers' Development in the ECHO Program.

Background: The financial hardships and social isolation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have been found to adversely affect children's developmental outcomes. While many studies thus far have focused on school-aged children and the pandemic-related impacts on their academic skills and behavior problems, relatively less is known about pandemic hardships and associations with children's development during their early years. Using a racially and economically diverse sample, we examined whether hardships experienced during the pandemic were associated with children's development with a particular focus on communication and socioemotional development.

Health Literacy, Health Numeracy, and Cancer Screening Patterns in the Zuni Pueblo: Insights from and Limitations of "Standard" Questions.

American Indians experience disparities in cancer screening, stage at disease diagnoses, and 5-year cancer survival. This study investigates how health literacy and health numeracy may be linked to cancer screening behaviors of Zuni Pueblo members using a survey exploring screening behaviors related to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. As part of a larger community-based cancer prevention and control project, Zuni Health Initiative staff conducted surveys from October 2020 through April 2021 of 281 participants (men ages 50-75 and women ages 21-75) from the Zuni Pueblo.

Environmental uranium exposures and cytokine profiles among mother-newborn baby pairs from the Navajo Βirth Cohort Study.

The Navajo Nation was heavily mined for uranium (U) during the cold-war leading to a legacy of >1100 abandoned U mining, milling and associated waste sites. The Navajo Birth Cohort Study was initiated to assess the effect of non-occupational legacy exposure to U during pregnancy on birth outcomes and child development. We report that 92% of babies with detectable urine U at birth were born from mothers who had urine U concentrations greater than national norms during pregnancy, indicative of prenatal exposure to U.

Reaching the "Hard-to-Reach" Sexual and Gender Diverse Communities for Population-Based Research in Cancer Prevention and Control: Methods for Online Survey Data Collection and Management.

Purpose: Around 5% of United States (U.S.) population identifies as Sexual and Gender Diverse (SGD), yet there is limited research around cancer prevention among these populations.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and School Success Among Children With and Without Special Health Care Needs.

Background: School-environments are thought to be strong influences of behavioral choices. There is limited research available on the role of physical activity (PA) and school success among children with special health care needs (CSHCN). The purpose of this study was to explore differences in PA among CSHCN and non-CSHCN and how the school success index is related to PA in both groups.

An Analysis of Local Health Departments' Responsiveness to Community Segregation in Their Efforts to Address Health Disparities.

Recent studies have found that racial health disparities are a direct result of the residential segregation, racial differences in socioeconomic status, health care access, and other social determinants of health that affect segregated minority groups. This study analyzed local health departments' (LHDs') efforts to decrease health disparities in their communities by using negative binomial regression models to examine the relationship between residential segregation and LHD health disparity activity engagement from the 2016 National Profile of LHDs-National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) and the 2017 County Health Rankings (CHRs). Significant associations were found between the incident rate ratios of activities performed by LHDs and the nonwhite/white residential segregation index, use of CHRs, LHD governance, per capita expenditures, and race of LHD top executive.