Adapting Phonological Awareness Interventions for Children With Down Syndrome Based on the Behavioral Phenotype: A Promising Approach?

Many children with Down syndrome demonstrate deficits in phonological awareness, a prerequisite to learning to read in an alphabetic language. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adapting a commercially available phonological awareness program to better align with characteristics associated with the behavioral phenotype of Down syndrome would increase children's learning of phonological awareness, letter sounds, and words. Five children with Down syndrome, ages 6 to 8 years, participated in a multiple baseline across participants single case design experiment in which response to an adapted phonological awareness intervention was compared with response to the nonadapted program.

Tiers of intervention in kindergarten through third grade.

This study measured the effects of increasing levels of intervention in reading for a cohort of children in Grades K through 3 to determine whether the severity of reading disability (RD) could be significantly reduced in the catchment schools. Tier 1 consisted of professional development for teachers of reading. The focus of this study is on additional instruction that was provided as early as kindergarten for children whose achievement fell below average.

Layers of reading intervention in kindergarten through third grade: changes in teaching and student outcomes.

In this study, students and their teachers participated in a layered approach to reading intervention in kindergarten through third grade that included professional development for teachers in scientifically based reading instruction, ongoing measurement of reading progress, and additional small-group or individual instruction for students whose progress was insufficient to maintain grade-level reading achievement. Reading outcomes were compared with historical control groups of students in the same schools. The findings revealed overall improvements in reading, improved reading for students who began the study in high-risk categories, and decreases in the incidence of reading disability at the end of third grade.

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a case report and national survey.

Few reports of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) in the pediatric population can be found in the literature. Our patient, a 16-year-old male subject presenting with signs and symptoms of CEP, prompted a survey of pediatric pulmonary training centers in the United States to determine the prevalence of eosinophilic pneumonia. The survey showed a low prevalence of acute eosinophilic pneumonia and CEP in the pediatric population, with an overall male/female ratio of 1.