Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Analgesic Adverse Drug Event Measure.

The Analgesic Adverse Drug Event Measure (AADEM) measures how people respond when they experience analgesic adverse drug events (ADEs). The purpose of this study was to confirm the underlying constructs of the AADEM: attributed ADE, consulted provider, sought care, and continued/discontinued analgesic. A cross-sectional instrumentation design was used.

Barriers and Facilitators of Pain Self-Management Among Patients with Cancer: An Integrative Review.

Background: Defining the main barriers and facilitators of cancer pain self-management are essential to improve patients' overall quality of life.

Aim: The main purpose of this review was to identify the main barriers and facilitators for cancer pain self-management.

Method: An integrative review guided by the five-stages framework that was identified by Souza et al.

Predictors of older adults' chronic pain in the context of opioid adverse drug events.

Background: Factors predictive of chronic pain in older adults could help focus prevention and treatment efforts for those most at risk of chronic pain.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to describe demographic and pain self-management factors predictive of chronic pain in the context of opioid adverse drug events (ADEs) reported for a cohort of older adults within the same year.

Method: The design was a post hoc analysis of 9,095 cases aged 65 years and older from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey that reported chronic pain and 380 cases aged 65 years and older with opioid adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) during the second quarter of 2019.

Philosophical Assumptions Used in Research on Barriers for Effective Cancer Pain Management: A Scoping Review.

Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients and often has a negative impact on patients' functional status and quality of life. Despite the available guidelines for effective pain management, factors such as barriers to cancer pain management still exist. The lens or philosophical assumptions used to guide cancer pain management research is a crucial but often overlooked component of high-quality research.

Predictors of serious adverse drug events from opioids: Results from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System.

Background: Opioids pose significant increased risk for serious adverse drug events (ADEs).

Purpose: The purpose was to identify significant predictors and their associated magnitude of risk for serious life-threatening opioid ADEs.

Methods: A post hoc design was used to examine predictors of opioid analgesics ADEs with Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) data.

Predictors of hemorrhagic stroke in older persons taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Results from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: Hemorrhagic strokes have not declined in the United States despite a decline worldwide.

Purpose: To identify hemorrhagic stroke risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), other medications associated with increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke, and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, gender, and age.

Methods: A post hoc design was used to examine predictors of hemorrhagic stroke for adults of age 65 years and older from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System database.

African American Young Adults' Pain and Pain Reduction Strategies.

Background: Effective acute pain management strategies are important for young adults in order to reduce risk for transition to chronic pain.

Aim: To describe pain and pain self-management strategies used by African American young adults.

Design & Setting: A national online cross-sectional survey design was used.

Development of the Adverse Analgesic Drug Event Measure.

Background: Little is known about how people respond to an analgesic adverse drug event despite the significant incidence of deaths and hospitalizations associated with analgesic adverse drug events.

Objective: The purpose of this two-phase instrument development study was to test the validity and reliability of the Analgesic Adverse Drug Event Measure (AADEM).

Methods: Content validity was established during Phase I.

The Electronic Pain Management Life History Calendar: Development and Usability.

Background: Changes over time to self-managed chronic pain treatments are not a routine part of pain management discussions and might provide insight into adjustments that improve pain outcomes.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop and test an electronic pain management life history calendar (ePMLHC) for use with older adults with chronic pain.

Design: An instrument development design was used to develop and test the ePMLHC.

Reminiscence About Physical Activity: A Pilot Study to Reduce Pain in Older Adults.

The aim of the current randomized attention control pilot study was to conduct a preliminary test of a facilitated reminiscence intervention about past physical activity for the effect on increased physical activity and reduced pain in older adults with osteoarthritis. Thirteen older adults were randomized to the facilitated reminiscence or health education group and participated in six individual sessions over 6 weeks. Reminiscence functions, self-reported physical activity, pain intensity, and pain interference with function were measured at baseline and 1 and 3 months postintervention.

Predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in older persons taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Results from the FDA adverse events reporting system.

Background And Purpose: Older adults continue to take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage chronic pain. The study's purpose was to identify predictors of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in older adults taking NSAIDs.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2016 Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System data was conducted with 1,347 cases aged 65 years and older with an NSAID as the primary suspect for an adverse drug event (ADE).

Older Adults' Response to Analgesic Adverse Drug Reactions: A Pilot Study.

Background: Older adults who take analgesics for chronic pain are at increased risk for adverse drug events (ADEs). Aims/Design: The purpose of this descriptive pilot survey was to examine how older adults self-identify analgesic ADEs, and actions they take in response to analgesic ADEs. Setting/Participants/Methods: Twenty-two community dwelling older adults with chronic pain who reported an analgesic ADE associated with their chronic pain management were interviewed and asked to describe their analgesic related ADE.

The Relationship Between Reminiscence Functions, Optimism, Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Pain in Older Adults.

The study purpose was to examine the association between reminiscence functions, optimism, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and pain in older adults with chronic lower extremity osteoarthritis pain. One hundred ninety-five community-dwelling adults were interviewed using the Modified Reminiscence Functions Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in random counterbalanced order. Structural equation modeling supported chronic pain as positively associated with depressive symptoms and comorbidities and unrelated to physical activity.

The Pain Management Life History Calendar: A Pilot Study.

Pain management trajectory data that includes previous pain treatments, timing, changes, and outcomes provide crucial data for patients with chronic pain and their practitioners to use when discussing ways to optimize pain management regimens. The aim of this study was to test the use of the life history calendar method to identify pain treatments, treatment regimens, timing, and outcomes of the pain management trajectory of individuals with chronic pain, and to examine feasibility. A pilot, descriptive, methodological design was used.

A closer look: Alternative pain management practices by heart failure patients with chronic pain.

Objective: To describe alternative non-pharmaceutical non-nutraceutical pain self-management strategies used by people with heart failure (HF) in order to reduce chronic non-cardiac pain.

Background: Little is known about alternative pain self-treatments used by HF patients with chronic pain.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with 25 hospitalized HF patients who had chronic pain and used at least one alternative pain treatment.

Hispanic Inpatient Pain Intensity.

Hispanic adults experience significant pain, but little is known about their pain during hospitalization. The purpose of this research was to describe Hispanic inpatients' pain intensity and compare their pain intensity with that of non-Hispanic patients. A post hoc descriptive design was used to examine 1,466 Hispanic inpatients' medical records (63.

Older adults' pain communication during ambulatory medical visits: an exploration of communication accommodation theory.

The purpose of this descriptive secondary analysis was to explore the use of Communication Accommodation Theory as a framework to examine pain communication strategies used by older adults and their primary care practitioners during medical ambulatory care visits. Ambulatory medical visits for 22 older adults with moderate or greater osteoarthritis pain were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two independent raters for six a priori communication strategies derived from the attuning strategies of Communication Accommodation Theory: (1) patient selecting the pain topic; (2) patient taking a turn; (3) patient maintaining focus on the pain topic; (4) practitioner using an open-ended question without social desirability to start the pain discussion; (5) practitioner encouraging the patient to take a turn by asking open-ended questions; and (6) practitioner interruptions. The majority of practitioners did not start the pain discussion with an open-ended question, but did not interrupt the older adults as they discussed their pain.

Trialing to pain control: a grounded theory.

The aim of this study was to examine the basic social psychological process of managing inadequately relieved pain in adults. Transcribed data from 23 ambulatory medical visits of adults with pain and interviews with four practitioners and four patients with pain were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. The basic problem was perception of running out of treatment options.

Effect of a virtual pain coach on pain management discussions: a pilot study.

There is a need to enhance patient and practitioner pain communications. A pain communication plus virtual pain coach intervention was tested in the primary care setting for the effect on communication of osteoarthritis pain information by older adults aged ≥60 years, on practitioners' pain management changes, and on older adults' reduced pain and depressive symptoms 1 month later. A randomized controlled pilot study design was used.

Older black adult osteoarthritis pain communication.

A quantitative descriptive secondary data analysis design was used to describe older black adult communication of osteoarthritis pain and the communication strategies used to convey the pain information. Pain content from 74 older black adults with persistent osteoarthritis pain was analyzed using criteria from the American Pain Society arthritis pain management guidelines that included type of pain (nociceptive/neuropathic), quality of pain, source, location, intensity, duration/time course, pain affect, effect on personal lifestyle, functional status, current pain treatments, use of recommended glucosamine sulfate, effectiveness of prescribed treatments, prescription analgesic side effects, weight management to ideal body weight, exercise regimen or physical therapy and/or occupational therapy, and indications for surgery. Communication strategies were analyzed with criteria derived from Communication Accommodation Theory that included being clear, using medical syntax, using ethnic specific syntax, being explicit, and staying on topic when discussing pain.

Factors predicting older adults' use of exercise and acetaminophen for osteoarthritis pain.

Purpose: To identify predictors of older adults' use of exercise and/or acetaminophen, and avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat their osteoarthritis pain.

Data Sources: Data were analyzed from 457 adults aged 60 and older with moderate or greater osteoarthritis pain intensity who responded to the Brief Pain Inventory between 2006 and 2007. The following predictors were entered into a logistic regression to predict use of exercise and/or acetaminophen and nonuse of NSAIDs: age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, arthritis treatment by a practitioner, pain treatment by a practitioner, pain intensity, functional interference from the pain, and percent of pain relief from current treatments.

The effect of a Spanish virtual pain coach for older adults: a pilot study.

Objective: To pilot test the effects of a virtual pain coach on ambulatory Spanish-speaking older adults with pain from osteoarthritis.

Methods: A randomized, controlled design was used. Eighteen Spanish-speaking older adults were randomly assigned to the virtual pain coach and pain communication education group, or to the pain communication education-only group.

Hispanic older adults' osteoarthritis pain communication.

Better understanding of how Hispanic older adults describe their chronic pain might suggest ways to support Hispanic older adults to talk about important pain information with their practitioner. The study aim was to describe how Hispanic older adults communicate pain information, including the amount of pain information and communication processes employed. A secondary analysis with a descriptive design was used.

Effect of a virtual pain coach on older adults' pain communication: a pilot study.

A randomized posttest-only double blind design was used to pilot test the effect of a virtual practitioner pain communication coach on older adults' communication of their osteoarthritis pain. Baseline pain intensity and pain interference with activities were measured using the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form. Thirty older adults watched a video of a practitioner describing important osteoarthritis pain information followed by either a virtual practitioner coach, a video practitioner coach, or no coach.

Factors associated with increased pain communication by older adults.

The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to identify factors associated with increased pain communication by older adults. Data were obtained from 312 older adults with osteoarthritis pain. Content analysis was conducted using criteria from the American Pain Society's "Guidelines for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis" to identify important pain management information described by the older adults in response to general questions about their pain.