Developing an initial programme theory for a model of social care in prisons and on release (empowered together): A realist synthesis approach.

Many people are living in prison with a range of social care needs, for example, requiring support with washing, eating, getting around safely, and/or maintaining relationships. However, social care for this vulnerable group is generally inadequate. There is uncertainty and confusion about who is legally responsible for this and how it can best be provided, and a lack of integration with healthcare.

A review of economic evaluations of health care for people at risk of psychosis and for first-episode psychosis.

Background: Preventing psychotic disorders and effective treatment in first-episode psychosis are key priorities for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. This review assessed the evidence base for the cost-effectiveness of health and social care interventions for people at risk of psychosis and for first-episode psychosis.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted using the PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify relevant published full economic evaluations published before August 2020.

Hospital admissions and place of death of residents of care homes receiving specialist healthcare services: A systematic review without meta-analysis.

Aim: To synthesize evidence on the ability of specialist care home support services to prevent hospital admission of older care home residents, including at end of life.

Design: Systematic review, without meta-analysis, with vote counting based on direction of effect.

Data Sources: Fourteen electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2019.

Protocol for the economic evaluation of metacognitive therapy for cardiac rehabilitation participants with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is offered to reduce the risk of further cardiac events and to improve patients' health and quality of life following a cardiac event. Psychological care is a common component of CR as symptoms of depression and/or anxiety are more prevalent in this population, however evidence for the cost-effectiveness of current interventions is limited. Metacognitive therapy (MCT), is a recent treatment development that is effective in treating anxiety and depression in mental health settings and is being evaluated in CR patients.

Cost-Effectiveness Evaluations of Psychological Therapies for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This review aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of psychological interventions for schizophrenia/bipolar disorder (BD), to determine the robustness of current evidence and identify gaps in the available evidence.

Methods: Electronic searches (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase) identified economic evaluations relating incremental cost to outcomes in the form of an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio published in English since 2000. Searches were concluded in November 2018.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: the FOCUS RCT.

Background: Clozapine (clozaril, Mylan Products Ltd) is a first-choice treatment for people with schizophrenia who have a poor response to standard antipsychotic medication. However, a significant number of patients who trial clozapine have an inadequate response and experience persistent symptoms, called clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS). There is little evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of pharmacological or psychological interventions for this population.

Reconfiguring in-patient services for adults with mental health problems: changing the balance of care.

Background: Research suggests that a significant minority of hospital in-patients could be more appropriately supported in the community if enhanced services were available. However, little is known about these individuals or the services they require.

Aims: To identify which individuals require what services, at what cost.

Hospital admissions and place of death of residents of care homes receiving specialist healthcare services: Protocol for a systematic review.

Aim: To synthesize the evidence relating to the ability of specialist care home support services to prevent the hospital admission of older care home residents, including hospital admission at the end-of-life.

Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Methods: Ten electronic databases will be searched from 2010 - 31 December 2018 using predetermined search terms.

Cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review.

Patients may be offered cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a supervised programme often including exercises, education and psychological care, following a cardiac event, with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. Cost-constrained healthcare systems require information about the best use of budget and resources to maximise patient benefit. We aimed to systematically review and critically appraise economic studies of CR and its components.

A systematic review of stroke recognition instruments in hospital and prehospital settings.

Background: We undertook a systematic review of all published stroke identification instruments to describe their performance characteristics when used prospectively in any clinical setting.

Methods: A search strategy was applied to Medline and Embase for material published prior to 10 August 2015. Two authors independently screened titles, and abstracts as necessary.

What Difference Does Patient and Public Involvement Make and What Are Its Pathways to Impact? Qualitative Study of Patients and Researchers from a Cohort of Randomised Clinical Trials.

Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) is advocated in clinical trials yet evidence on how to optimise its impact is limited. We explored researchers' and PPI contributors' accounts of the impact of PPI within trials and factors likely to influence its impact.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with researchers and PPI contributors accessed through a cohort of randomised clinical trials.

An external pilot study to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial comparing eye muscle surgery against active monitoring for childhood intermittent exotropia [X(T)].

Introduction: The evidence base for the treatment of strabismus (squint) is poor. Our main aim is to improve this evidence base for the treatment of a common type of childhood squint {intermittent exotropia, [X(T)]}. We conducted an external pilot study in order to inform the design and conduct of a future full randomised controlled trial (RCT).

A little more conversation please? Qualitative study of researchers' and patients' interview accounts of training for patient and public involvement in clinical trials.

Background: Training in patient and public involvement (PPI) is recommended, yet little is known about what training is needed. We explored researchers' and PPI contributors' accounts of PPI activity and training to inform the design of PPI training for both parties.

Methods: We used semi-structured qualitative interviews with researchers (chief investigators and trial managers) and PPI contributors, accessed through a cohort of clinical trials, which had been funded between 2006 and 2010.

Surrendering control, or nothing to lose: Parents' preferences about participation in a randomised trial of childhood strabismus surgery.

Background: Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of divergent strabismus (squint) in children. Evidence regarding its optimum management is limited. A pilot randomised controlled trial has recently been completed (Surgery versus Active Monitoring in Intermittent Exotropia trial) to determine the feasibility of a full randomised controlled trial.

From plans to actions in patient and public involvement: qualitative study of documented plans and the accounts of researchers and patients sampled from a cohort of clinical trials.

Unlabelled: : Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is increasingly required, although evidence to inform its implementation is limited.

Objective: Inform the evidence base by describing how plans for PPI were implemented within clinical trials and identifying the challenges and lessons learnt by research teams.

Methods: We compared PPI plans extracted from clinical trial grant applications (funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme between 2006 and 2010) with researchers' and PPI contributors' interview accounts of PPI implementation.

The PedsQL™ as a measure of parent-rated quality of life in healthy UK toddlers: psychometric properties and cross-cultural comparisons.

The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL(TM)) is a widely-used generic measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children aged ≥ 2 years. In the UK, mean scores are known for healthy children aged ≥ 5 years, but unknown for toddlers. This paper reports the psychometric properties of parent-rated PedsQL(TM) scores in healthy UK toddlers and compares scores with a healthy USA sample.

Surgery versus Active Monitoring in Intermittent Exotropia (SamExo): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Childhood intermittent exotropia [X(T)] is a type of strabismus (squint) in which one eye deviates outward at times, usually when the child is tired. It may progress to a permanent squint, loss of stereovision and/or amblyopia (reduced vision). Treatment options for X(T) include eye patches, glasses, surgery and active monitoring.

Surgical intervention in childhood intermittent exotropia: current practice and clinical outcomes from an observational cohort study.

Purpose: To describe surgical outcomes in intermittent exotropia (X(T)), and to relate these to preoperative and surgical characteristics.

Methods: 87 children (aged <11 years) underwent surgery in 18 UK centres; review data (mean 21 months post-surgery) were available for 72. The primary outcome measure was motor/sensory outcome (angle and stereoacuity).

The improving outcomes in intermittent exotropia study: outcomes at 2 years after diagnosis in an observational cohort.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate current patterns of management and outcomes of intermittent distance exotropia [X(T)] in the UK.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study which recruited 460 children aged < 12 years with previously untreated X(T). Eligible subjects were enrolled from 26 UK hospital ophthalmology clinics between May 2005 and December 2006.

Use of the PedsQL in childhood intermittent exotropia: estimates of feasibility, internal consistency reliability and parent-child agreement.

Purpose: To evaluate the PedsQLs performance in children with intermittent exotropia (X[T]) in terms of feasibility, internal consistency, floor-ceiling effects and levels of parent-child agreement.

Methods: Children with X(T) aged <12 years were recruited from 26 UK Hospital Eye Clinics/Orthoptic Departments. QOL was assessed using child (n = 166) and proxy (n = 392) versions of the PedsQLv4.

Parameters predicting outcomes of strabismus surgery in the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Background: Ocular dysmotility is a common feature of Graves' ophthalmopathy and frequently requires strabismus surgery. We reviewed the short-term results of strabismus surgery for Graves' ophthalmopathy to determine pre- and perioperative parameters predictive of postoperative outcome.

Methods: A retrospective review of Graves' ophthalmopathy patients who underwent strabismus surgery.