Perineuronal net in the extrinsic innervation of the distal colon of mice and its remodeling in ulcerative colitis.

The perineuronal net (PNN) is a well-described highly specialized extracellular matrix structure found in the central nervous system. Thus far, no reports of its presence or connection to pathological processes have been described in the peripheral nervous system. Our study demonstrates the presence of a PNN in the spinal afferent innervation of the distal colon of mice and characterizes structural and morphological alterations induced in an ulcerative colitis (UC) model.

Rosuvastatin enhances alterations caused by Toxoplasma gondii in the duodenum of mice.

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii may compromise the intestinal histoarchitecture through the tissue reaction triggered by the parasite. Thus, this study evaluated whether treatment with rosuvastatin modifies duodenal changes caused by the chronic infection induced by cysts of T. gondii.

Moderate intestinal immunopathology after acute oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is associated with expressive levels of serotonin.

Background: Invasion of the intestinal mucosa by T. gondii elicits a local immune response of variable intensity. These reactions can be lethal in C57BL/6 mice.

Acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts preferentially activates non-neuronal cells expressing serotonin in the jejunum of rats.

The interaction of Toxoplasma gondii with the gastrointestinal tract of its host is highly regulated. Once ingested, the parasite crosses the epithelium without altering the permeability of the intestinal barrier. Nevertheless, many studies report alterations ranging from structural to functional damage in cells and tissues that make up the wall of the small and large intestine.

A New Target Organ of Chronic Infection: The Intestine.

is one of the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. This species presents genetic polymorphism that can cause destructive lesions in oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts. In a previous study, the parasite caused several histopathological changes to hamster ileums.

Irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice: a histopathological study.

Purpose: Intestinal mucositis is an important adverse effect of antineoplastic therapy, which remains without adequate treatment. The present study aimed to carry out a complete evaluation of the histopathological changes during irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis, using the protocol most found in the pharmacological reports nowadays to better understand irinotecan toxicity and support future studies on drug discovery.

Methods: Intestinal mucositis was induced by treating swiss mice for 4 days with irinotecan (75 mg/kg, i.

Toxoplasma gondii infection impairs the colonic motility of rats due to loss of myenteric neurons.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection causes intestinal inflammation and diarrhea indicating possible intestinal motor dysfunction. Anatomical studies have shown alterations in the colonic myenteric plexus, but it is unknown whether this impacts motility and therefore whether motility is a target for treatment. We determined whether colonic coordinated movements are compromised by toxoplasmic infection and how it is associated with anatomical changes.

Toxoplasma gondii causes lipofuscinosis, collagenopathy and spleen and white pulp atrophy during the acute phase of infection.

In this study, we evaluated homeostatic and functional disorders of the spleen in mice inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii. The kinetics of megakaryocyte and leukocyte production, body and spleen mass and certain histopathological aspects were analyzed. There was increased (P < 0.

Treatment with Lycopodium clavatum 200dH Intensifies Kidney and Liver Injury in Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

The effects of infection with Toxoplasma gondii vary from asymptomatic to the development of alterations in various organs (including the liver and kidneys) which may be irreversible, and lead to the death of the host. Whereas homeopathy is an alternative and effective method for treating various diseases, including those caused by protozoa, we questioned the effect of using Lycopodium clavatum in mice infected with T. gondii.

Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B-1 cells dependent.

Evaluating the histopathological and morphometric changes caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection either in the presence or absence of B-1 cells. Wild-type Balb/c and XID mice were used. Half of XID mice received B-1 cells adoptive transfer (XID + B1).

Toxoplasma gondii causes increased ICAM-1 and serotonin expression in the jejunum of rats 12 h after infection.

Objective: To analyze the remodeling dynamics of total collagen, type I and III, the expression of ICAM-1 and 5-HT in the jejunum of rats.

Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: the control group (CG, n = 7) and the infected group (receiving 5,000 sporulated T. gondii oocysts - ME49 strain, genotype II, n = 21).

Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection alters the number of neurons and the proportion of enteric glial cells in the duodenum in Wistar rats.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection can occur through the ingestion of raw meat that contains tissue cysts or food that contains oocysts. Through the ingestion of oocysts, the parasite crosses the intestinal barrier, where the enteric nervous system is located. The objective was to investigate the kinetics of neuronal and glial responses during acute T.

Flavonoid-rich fraction of Bauhinia forficata Link leaves prevents the intestinal toxic effects of irinotecan chemotherapy in IEC-6 cells and in mice.

This study evaluated the effects of flavonoid-rich fraction from Bauhinia forficata leaves (FRF-BF), against intestinal toxicity induced by irinotecan. The leaves of this plant are used like tea in Brazilian folk medicine, and it is rich in flavonoids, mainly kaempferitrin. First, the chemopreventive effects of FRF-BF and kaempferitrin were evaluated in intestinal cells (IEC-6 cells) exposed to irinotecan.

Alterations induced in the ileum of mice upon inoculation with different species of Leishmania: a preliminary study.

Introduction: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice.

Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group).

Insights of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) intestine.

Aim: The present study compared and evaluated morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters infected by two L. (V.) braziliensis strains isolated from patients with different lesion aspects and treatment responses.

Assemblages A and B of Giardia duodenalis reduce enteric glial cells in the small intestine in mice.

Infection of Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common human parasitic disease worldwide. This infection may be related to important changes in the enteric nervous system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, the intestinal muscle layer, and gastrointestinal transit in mice infected with assemblages A and B of G.

Comparative study of effects of assemblages AII and BIV of Giardia duodenalis on mucosa and microbiota of the small intestine in mice.

Aims: Giardiasis is one of the major causes of diarrhea worldwide and its symptoms vary in intensity, which can be attributed to different parasite assemblages. The goal of the present study was to compare the effects of infection caused by assemblages AII and BIV ofGiardia duodenalis on the response of the small intestine, microbiota, and behavioral parameters in mice.

Main Methods: Swiss mice were infected with assemblages AII and BIV of G.

Treatment with low doses of aspirin during chronic phase of experimental Chagas' disease increases oesophageal nitrergic neuronal subpopulation in mice.

Patients with Chagas' disease may develop dysfunctions of oesophageal and colonic motility resulting from the degeneration or loss of the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system. Studies have shown that the use of aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), influences the pathogenesis of the disease. However, this remains controversial.

Immunocompetent host develops mild intestinal inflammation in acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, common zoonosis among vertebrates and high incidence worldwide. During the infection, the parasite needs to transpose the intestinal barrier to spread throughout the body, which may be a trigger for an inflammatory reaction.

Toxoplasma gondii infection causes structural changes in the jejunum of rats infected with different inoculum doses.

Aim: To evaluate the mucosal tunic and submucosal plexus of the jejunum of rats infected with different inoculum doses of Toxoplasma gondii.

Main Methods: Rats were infected with different inoculum doses (50, 500, 1000 and 5000 oocysts) of the T. gondii for 30days, while a control group (CG) received saline solution.

Acute infection with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii causes decreasing and atrophy of nitrergic myenteric neurons of rats.

In the enteric nervous system (ENS), nitrergic neurons produce and use nitric oxide (NO) as an inhibitory motor neurotransmitter in response to parasitic infections, including those caused by Toxoplasma gondii. However, damage to the host caused by NO has been reported by various authors, and the role of NO in protection or cytotoxicity continues to be extensively studied. In this study, nitrergic neurons were investigated in the myenteric plexus of the jejunum and the distal colon of rats infected with 500 oocysts of the M7741 strain of T.