Endocrine, auxological and metabolic profile in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: from infancy to the first steps into adult life.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder worldwide. Along with intellectual disability, endocrine disorders represent a remarkable share of the morbidities experienced by children, adolescents and young adults with DS. Auxological parameters are plotted on syndrome-specific charts, as growth rates are reduced compared to healthy age- and gender-matched peers.

Thyroid Function Tests in Children and Adolescents With Trisomy 21: Definition of Syndrome-Specific Reference Ranges.

Context: The lack of syndrome-specific reference ranges for thyroid function tests (TFT) among pediatric patients with Down syndrome (DS) results in an overestimation of the occurrence of hypothyroidism in this population.

Objective: To (a) outline the age-dependent distribution of TFT among pediatric patients with DS; (b) describe the intraindividual variability of TFT over time; and (c) assess the role of elevated thyrotropin (TSH) in predicting the future onset of overt hypothyroidism.

Methods: In this retrospective, monocentric, observational analysis, we included 548 patients with DS (0-18 years) longitudinally assessed between 1992 and 2022.

The bronchiolitis epidemic in 2021-2022 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: experience of a third level centre in Northern Italy.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the 2021-2022 bronchiolitis season to the four previous years (2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020-2021) to see if there was an anticipation of the peak, an overall increase of cases, and an increased need of intensive care.

Methods: A retrospective single-centre study in the San Gerardo Hospital Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy was performed. Emergency Departments (ED) visits of patients aged < 18 years and ≤ 12 months were analyzed: the incidence of bronchiolitis on total assessments, the urgency level at triage and the hospitalization rate were compared.

Evaluation of the Pattern of Use of a Pediatric Emergency Department in Italy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate access to a pediatric emergency department (PED) in a large hospital, in particular to estimate the prevalence of potentially avoidable accesses and the characteristics of return visits.

Methods: Clinical health records from the PED of San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy, were retrospectively reviewed. The study population was composed of subjects younger than 18 years who attended the PED during the period from October 1, 2017, to November 30, 2017.

Complications and risk factors for severe outcome in children with measles.

Objective And Design: Risk factors for severe measles are poorly investigated in high-income countries. The Italian Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases conducted a retrospective study in children hospitalised for measles from January 2016 to August 2017 to investigate the risk factors for severe outcome defined by the presence of long-lasting sequelae, need of intensive care or death.

Results: Nineteen hospitals enrolled 249 children (median age 14.

Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with mosaic trisomy 18: First clinical observation.

We report the case of a 17-year-old boy with a mosaic trisomy 18, who was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient showed only poor growth and two muscular ventricular septal defects; no facial dysmorphims were present. He was admitted to our hospital because of asthenia and weight loss; a mediastinal enlargement was found and an histological diagnosis of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma on mediastinal biopsy was performed.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing effects of supplementation of two micronutrient sprinkles on fatty acid status in Cambodian infants.

Background: Infants in developing countries require early dietary interventions to prevent nutritional deficiencies, above all protein, energy, iron and zinc. To what extent these interventions may affect the fatty acid (FA) status is still unknown.

Objectives: To examine and compare the effects of 2 micronutrient "sprinkles" supplementations (iron 12.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing effects of supplementation with two different combinations of micronutrients delivered as sprinkles on growth, anemia, and iron deficiency in cambodian infants.

Objectives: To assess and compare efficacy of two micronutrient sprinkle supplementation on growth, anemia, and iron deficiency in Cambodian infants.

Methods: A total of 204 infants aged 6 months and living in Kompong Chhnang Province, Cambodia were randomly assigned to receive daily supplements of either iron (12.5 mg) plus folic acid (150 mug) plus zinc (5 mg) (MMN, n = 68), or iron (12.