Eugenol, Isoeugenol, Thymol, Carvacrol, and Ester Derivatives as an Ecofriendly Option to Control Glomerella Leaf Spot and Bitter Rot on Apple.

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) and bitter rot (BR) are severe diseases of apple. and are the main species in Brazil. To control GLS and BR in Brazilian apple orchards, mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl fungicides are still used despite reported resistance to these active ingredients.

Epidemiological Relevance of Species Isolated from Glomerella Leaf Spot Causing Symptoms in Apple Fruit.

isolates from apple leaves with symptoms of Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) can cause fruit rot and several small lesion spots, here called Colletotrichum fruit spot (CFS). This work investigated the epidemiological relevance of species obtained from leaves with GLS in causing diseases in immature apple fruit by comparing different fruit sizes (phenological stages) for symptom development. In the first experiment, five species were inoculated in 'Gala' (Ø = 5.