Polypyrrole nanotubes for electrochemically controlled extraction of atrazine, caffeine and progesterone.

Polypyrrole (PPy) was electrochemically synthesized with charge control on the surface of a steel mesh. Two different morphologies (globular and nanotubular) were created and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The modified electrodes were used as extraction phases in solid-phase extraction (SPE) and electrochemically controlled solid-phase extraction (EC-SPE) of atrazine, caffeine and progesterone.