Blunted inflammatory response is associated with a lower response to a weight loss dietary intervention in liver recipients.

Background & Aims: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and adipose tissue inflammation is required for fatty tissue remodeling. Interestingly, immunosuppressed patients, as liver transplant recipients, often experience excessive weight gain. We investigated how liver recipients' inflammatory response affects body weight loss induced by dietary treatment.

Acute exercise modulates the inflammatory response in adipose tissue in both lean and obese mice.

Objectives: Acute physical exercise acts as a metabolic stressor, promoting activation of the immune system, and this response could be relevant in the adipose tissue remodeling process. In addition, some cytokines have important functions in lipolysis. Because chronic exercise improves obesity-related metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, herein we investigated the effect of acute exercise on the inflammatory responses in the adipose tissues of lean and obese mice.

Mechanisms underlying fat pad remodeling induced by fasting: role of PAF receptor.

Objectives: Fasting has long been practiced for political and religious reasons and to lose weight. However, biological responses during fasting have yet to be fully understood. Previous studies have shown that cytokines may control fat pad expansion, at least in part, owing to the induction of lipolysis.

Role of adipose tissue inflammation in fat pad loss induced by fasting in lean and mildly obese mice.

Inflammation induced by obesity contributes to insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Indeed, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines trigger chronic low-grade inflammation and promote detrimental metabolic effects in the adipose tissue. On the other hand, inflammation seems to control fat pad expansion and to have important functions on lipolysis and glucose metabolism.

Hypometabolism as a potential risk factor for overweight and obesity in liver recipients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify whether overweight liver recipients are hypometabolic.

Methods: Liver transplantation (LT) recipients (n = 20), who were 18 to 65 y of age, had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m, and were 1 to 3 y post-transplant. They were matched with healthy controls in terms of sex, age, BMI, and body composition.

Virgin coconut oil is effective to treat metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction induced by high refined carbohydrate-containing diet in mice.

The global rise in obesity rates is alarming since this condition is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and secondary comorbidities as glucose intolerance, cardiovascular disease and liver damage. Therefore, a lot of dietary approaches are proposed to prevent and to treat obesity and its associated disorders. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is well known as a functional food due to its significant amounts of medium-chain triglycerides.

Aerobic training reduces immune cell recruitment and cytokine levels in adipose tissue in obese mice.

Obesity is associated with an energy imbalance that results from excessive energy intake, low diet quality, and a sedentary lifestyle. The increased consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet is strongly related to higher adiposity and low-grade inflammation. Aerobic training is a well-known nonpharmacological intervention to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances.

Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) addition in migraine acute treatment.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the analgesic effects of ginger in different conditions, but evidence about its efficacy in migraine treatment is scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ginger to improve acute migraine as an add-on strategy to standard treatment.

Methods: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in the emergency room of a general hospital was conducted.

Paradoxical role of tumor necrosis factor on metabolic dysfunction and adipose tissue expansion in mice.

Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-known cytokine that triggers insulin resistance during obesity development. On the other hand, it is also known that TNF induces a fat mass loss during acute diseases. However, whether TNF has a protective and physiological role to control adipose tissue expansion during obesity still needs to be verified.

Two opposite extremes of adiposity similarly reduce inflammatory response of antigen-induced acute joint inflammation.

Objective: Acute inflammation is a normal response of tissue to an injury. During this process, inflammatory mediators are produced and metabolic alterations occur. Adipose tissue is metabolically activated, and upon food consumption, it disrupts the inflammatory response.

Acute intake of a high-fructose diet alters the balance of adipokine concentrations and induces neutrophil influx in the liver.

The postprandial state is a period of metabolic fluxes, biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. A considerable amount is known about the inflammatory response to the chronic consumption of fructose, but little is known about its effects in the postprandial state. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory effects of a single meal containing fructose on healthy mice.