Unraveling the Immune Web: Advances in SMI Capsular Fibrosis from Molecular Insights to Preclinical Breakthroughs.

Breast implant surgery has evolved significantly, yet challenges such as capsular contracture remain a persistent concern. This review presents an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in understanding the immune mechanisms and clinical implications associated with silicone mammary implants (SMIs). The article systematically examines the complex interplay between immune responses and capsular fibrosis, emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation in the etiology of this fibrotic response.

SMI-Capsular Fibrosis and Biofilm Dynamics: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Antimicrobial Approaches.

Silicone mammary implants (SMIs) frequently result in capsular fibrosis, which is marked by the overproduction of fibrous tissue surrounding the implant. This review provides a detailed examination of the molecular and immunological mechanisms driving capsular fibrosis, focusing on the role of foreign body responses (FBRs) and microbial biofilm formation. We investigate how microbial adhesion to implant surfaces and biofilm development contribute to persistent inflammation and fibrotic responses.

Novel antimicrobial coating for hernia meshes.

Purpose: Antibiotic coating for several medical devices has been carried out; however, there are only few studies about coating hernia meshes with antimicrobial substances. In this study we checked the capacity of different commercially available hernia meshes to act as drug carrier.

Methods: The meshes were coated with gentamicin palmitate, chlorhexidine palmitic acid and chlorhexidine palmitate.

Antibiotic-Polyphosphate Nanocomplexes: A Promising System for Effective Biofilm Eradication.

Purpose: The eradication of bacterial biofilms poses an enormous challenge owing to the inherently low antibiotic susceptibility of the resident microbiota. The complexation of antibiotics with polyphosphate can substantially improve antimicrobial performance.

Methods: Nanoparticular complexes of the model drug colistin and polyphosphate (CP-NPs) were developed and characterized in terms of their particle size and morphology, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and cytotoxicity.

Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles: enhancing the ability of endolysins to eradicate biofilm.

Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials show promise in eradicating biofilm from implants. Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) are cationic antimicrobials that can be bioengineered to improve the targeting of persisters and drug-resistant bacteria. However, these molecules can be degraded before reaching the target and/or present limited efficacy against biofilm.

Activity of -Chlorotaurine against Periodontal Pathogens.

Dental plaque bacteria play an important role in the pathogenicity of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Therefore, antimicrobial agents are one means of treatment. -chlorotaurine (NCT) as an endogenous well-tolerated topical antiseptic could be of advantage for this purpose.

Surface Topography, Microbial Adhesion, and Immune Responses in Silicone Mammary Implant-Associated Capsular Fibrosis.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally, often necessitating mastectomy and subsequent breast reconstruction. Silicone mammary implants (SMIs) play a pivotal role in breast reconstruction, yet their interaction with the host immune system and microbiome remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of SMI surface topography on host antimicrobial responses, wound proteome dynamics, and microbial colonization.

Enhancing Bone Infection Diagnosis with Raman Handheld Spectroscopy: Pathogen Discrimination and Diagnostic Potential.

Osteomyelitis is a bone disease caused by bacteria that can damage bone. Raman handheld spectroscopy has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for detecting bone infection and can be used intraoperatively during surgical procedures. This study involved 120 bone samples from 40 patients, with 80 samples infected with either or Raman handheld spectroscopy demonstrated successful differentiation between healthy and infected bone samples and between the two types of bacterial pathogens.

The 2023 Orthopedic Research Society's international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the in vitro section.

Antimicrobial strategies for musculoskeletal infections are typically first developed with in vitro models. The In Vitro Section of the 2023 Orthopedic Research Society Musculoskeletal Infection international consensus meeting (ICM) probed our state of knowledge of in vitro systems with respect to bacteria and biofilm phenotype, standards, in vitro activity, and the ability to predict in vivo efficacy. A subset of ICM delegates performed systematic reviews on 15 questions and made recommendations and assessment of the level of evidence that were then voted on by 72 ICM delegates.

The 2023 Orthopaedic Research Society's International Consensus Meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the host immunity section.

Musculoskeletal infections (MSKI), which are a major problem in orthopedics, occur when the pathogen eludes or overwhelms the host immune system. While effective vaccines and immunotherapies to prevent and treat MSKI should be possible, fundamental knowledge gaps in our understanding of protective, nonprotective, and pathogenic host immunity are prohibitive. We also lack critical knowledge of how host immunity is affected by the microbiome, implants, prior infection, nutrition, antibiotics, and concomitant therapies, autoimmunity, and other comorbidities.

Comparison of Mid-Infrared Handheld and Benchtop Spectrometers to Detect in Bone Grafts.

Bone analyses using mid-infrared spectroscopy are gaining popularity, especially with handheld spectrometers that enable on-site testing as long as the data quality meets standards. In order to diagnose in human bone grafts, this study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Agilent 4300 Handheld Fourier-transform infrared with the Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 attenuated-total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy benchtop instrument. The study analyzed 40 non-infected and 10 infected human bone samples with , collecting reflectance data between 650 cm and 4000 cm, with a spectral resolution of 2 cm (Agilent 4300 Handheld) and 0.

Nanostructured Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy for implant application-material scientific, technological, and biological aspects.

In dentistry, the most commonly used implant materials are CP-Titanium Grade 4 and Ti-6Al-4V ELI, possessing comparably high Young's modulus (>100 GPa). In the present study, the second-generation titanium alloy Ti-13Nb-13Zr is investigated with respect to the production of advanced dental implant systems. This should be achieved by the fabrication of long semi-finished bars with high strength and sufficient ductility to allow the automated production of small implants at low Young's modulus (<80 GPa) to minimize stress shielding, bone resorption, and gap formation between the bone and implant.

Sterilization Procedures for Titanium Alloy Surfaces Leads to Higher Expression of Biofilm-Related Genes.

: Around 1-2% of all implantation surgeries lead to implant-related infections, incurring costs of $40,000-$160,000 per total hip PJI. The 5-year mortality rate of prosthetic joint infections is up to 21%. To prevent infections during surgery, sterile surgery rooms and procedures have been developed and certified standards have been established.

Lyophilized Human Bone Allograft as an Antibiotic Carrier: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

: Antibiotics delivered from implanted bone substitute materials (BSM) can potentially be used to prevent acute infections and biofilm formation, providing high concentrations of antibiotics at the surgical site without systemic toxicity. In addition, BSM should allow osteoconductivity supporting bone healing without further surgery. Promising results have been achieved using lyophilized bone allografts mixed with antibiotics.

Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on .

Currently, 1-2% of all prosthetic joint surgeries are followed by an infection. These infections cause approximately 4% of deaths in the first year after surgery, while the 5-year mortality rate is up to 21%. Prosthetic joint infections are mainly caused by or strains.

3D bioprinted, vascularized neuroblastoma tumor environment in fluidic chip devices for precision medicine drug testing.

Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumor which develops in early childhood and still has a poor prognosis. One strategy to increase cure rates is the identification of patient-specific drug responses in tissue models that mimic the interaction between patient cancer cells and tumor environment. We therefore developed a perfused and micro-vascularized tumor-environment model that is directly bioprinted into custom-manufactured fluidic chips.

Activity of -Chlorotaurine against Long-Term Biofilms of Bacteria and Yeasts.

-chlorotaurine (NCT), an antiseptic that originates from the human defense system, has broad-spectrum microbicidal activity and is well tolerated by human tissue and applicable to sensitive body regions. Bacteria in short-term biofilms, too, have been shown to be killed by NCT. It was the aim of the present study to demonstrate the activity of NCT against bacteria and yeasts in longer-lasting biofilms, including their co-culture.

Influence of Nutrient Media Compared to Human Synovial Fluid on the Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Gene Expression of Coagulase-Negative In Vitro.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation are mechanisms usually involved in the pathogeny of implant-related infections. Worldwide, antibiotic susceptibility tests are usually carried out using nutrient-rich media. Clinical routine laboratories and even research centers use for example EUCAST or CLSI for guidelines.

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Periprosthetic Joint Infections-Isolated Multi-Drug Resistant Strains.

Implantable medical devices, such as prosthetics, catheters, and several other devices, have revolutionized medicine, but they increase the infection risk. In previous decades, commercially available antibiotics lost their activity against coagulase-negative (CoNS) and several other microorganisms. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the two major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) with antimicrobial properties.

Mechanical and Morphological Assessment of an Innovative Textile for Patient Positioning Applications: Comparison to Two Standard Bandage Systems.

In the healthcare environment, bandage systems are versatile medical devices to position and fix patients' torsos or extremities. In this study, the mechanical and morphological properties of an innovative patient position system, iFix, were assessed and compared to two commercially available bandages. Morphological properties were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

The spatial distribution of aerosols in high-speed bone burring with external irrigation.

It is well-known that the use of high-speed burring devices with irrigation used in bone surgery produces aerosols, and can toss tissue particles into space. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial vertical contamination in the sterile operation field while using a high-speed cutting device at various locations. A fresh porcine knee was resected for 10 min with a high-speed burring device.

High range of motion in the first ten postoperative days after TKA does not predict superior outcome in the long run.

Introduction: To retrospectively investigate the early postoperative range of motion (ROM) (days 4, 7, 10) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to test for associations (a) with long-term outcome in terms of ROM and (b) with a disease-specific knee score.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients with previous primary TKA. Data taken from the medical records were ROM from preoperative and postoperative days 4, 7 and 10 and 1 year.

Expression of virulence factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm after bacteriophage infection.

The use of bacteriophages for the treatment of bacterial infections has been extensively studied. Nonetheless, the stress response regarding bacteriophage infection and the expression of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after phage infection is poorly discussed. In this study, we evaluated biofilm formation capacity and expression of virulence factors of P.

Variation of BMP2 Concentration and Its Activity in Bone Grafts Obtained from Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement Surgery.

Aim: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a member of a subgroup of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and triggers various signaling events which in turn stimulate chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling leading to fracture healing. In this study, we quantified the concentration of BMP2 in fresh human bone grafts obtained from 40 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Besides the concentration, the activity of the detected BMP2 was also investigated.

Biofilm Formation and Expression of Virulence Genes of Microorganisms Grown in Contact with a New Bioactive Glass.

Bioactive glass F18 (BGF18), a glass containing SiO-NaO-KO-MgO-CaO-PO, is highly effective as an osseointegration buster agent when applied as a coating in titanium implants. Biocompatibility tests using this biomaterial exhibited positive results; however, its antimicrobial activity is still under investigation. In this study we evaluated biofilm formation and expression of virulence-factor-related genes in , , and grown on surfaces of titanium and titanium coated with BGF18.