Characterization of endocannabinoids and related acylethanolamides in the synovial fluid of dogs with osteoarthritis: a pilot study.

Background: Cannabis-based drugs have been shown to be effective in inflammatory diseases. A number of endocannabinoids including N- arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) with activity at the cannabinoid receptors (CBR) CBR1 and CBR2, have been identified. Other structurally related endogenous fatty acid compounds such as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA) have been identified in biological tissues.

Epidural vs intramuscular administration of lecirelin, a GnRH analogue, for the resolution of follicular cysts in dairy cows.

Bovine follicular cysts are an ovarian disorder of dairy cows associated with abnormal estrous behaviour and infertility. The treatment of choice is intramuscular administration of a GnRH analogue, which acts by triggering pituitary release of LH. However, the presence of GnRH and GnRH receptors on spinal cord and ovary in some species, and the kind of innervation of the ovary, let us hypothesize that GnRH and its analogues may also act when administered by epidural route, as happens for other drugs.

Update on anesthesia and the immune response in newborns delivered by cesarian section.

In infants delivered by cesarian section, the immune system could be influenced by anesthetic drugs that may cross the placenta and reach the fetal circulation. Factors that determine placental transfer of anesthetics and their distribution into and ultimate removal from fetal tissue include physiochemical properties of the compound; the anatomic features of the maternal circulation, placenta, and fetus; and the hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic events that occur within them. Because the anesthetic agents can interfere with many neonatal function, the aim of this manuscript is to review the interference of regional or general anesthesia on neonatal immune response.