Assessing fecal contamination from human and environmental sources using as an indicator in rural eastern Ethiopian households-a cross-sectional study from the EXCAM project.

Introduction: Enteric pathogens are a leading causes of diarrheal deaths in low-and middle-income countries. The Exposure Assessment of Infections in Rural Ethiopia (EXCAM) project, aims to identify potential sources of bacteria in the genus and, more generally, fecal contamination of infants during the first 1.5 years of life using as indicator.

Impact of Irrigation Source on the Dissemination and Persistence of Coliforms and Foodborne Pathogens in Fresh Tomato High Tunnel-dripline System from Small Specialty Crop Farms.

This study investigated the impact of irrigation sources (pond, stream, and well) in high tunnel-dripline systems on the dissemination and persistence of foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and the 'big six' Shiga toxin-producing E.

Assessing fecal contamination from human and environmental sources using as an indicator in rural eastern Ethiopian households - a study from the EXCAM project.

Enteric pathogens are a leading causes of diarrheal deaths in low- and middle-income countries The Exposure Assessment of Infections in Rural Ethiopia (EXCAM) project, aims to identify potential sources of bacteria in the genus and, more generally, fecal contamination of infants during the first 1.5 years of life using as indicator. A total of 1,310 samples (i.

Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors of twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway and their effect on the control of in chickens.

Introduction: Control of from farm to fork is challenging due to the frequent emergence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Furthermore, poultry production systems are known reservoirs of . The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is a crucial bacterial secretion system that allows to colonize the host intestinal tract by using formate as the main source of energy.

Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project.

In our previous cross-sectional study, multiple species of Campylobacter were detected (88%) in stool samples from children (12 to 14 months of age) in rural eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the temporal fecal carriage of Campylobacter in infants and identified putative reservoirs associated with these infections in infants from the same region. The prevalence and load of Campylobacter were determined using genus-specific real-time PCR.

Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Growth Inhibitors to Manage Pseudomonas Leaf Spot Disease on Peppers ( sp.).

Pseudomonas leaf spot (PLS) disease in peppers caused by pv. () is an emerging seedborne phytopathogen. infection can severely reduce the marketable yield of peppers in favorable environmental conditions and cause significant economic losses.

Role of Stress-Induced Proteins RpoS and YicC in the Persistence of subsp. Serotype Typhimurium in Tomato Plants.

Understanding the functional role of bacterial genes in the persistence of in plant organs can facilitate the development of agricultural practices to mitigate food safety risks associated with the consumption of fresh produce contaminated with spp. Our study showed that subsp. serotype Typhimurium (strain MDD14) persisted less in inoculated tomato plants than other Typhimurium strains tested (JSG210, JSG626, JSG634, JSG637, JSG3444, and EV030415; < 0.

Unravelling the reservoirs for colonisation of infants with spp. in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a longitudinal study during a global pandemic and political tensions.

Introduction: Undernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for bacteria, which are recognised as risk factors for child malnutrition.

The Combined Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Tryptophan Treatment Modulates Immune and Metabolome Responses to Human Rotavirus Infection in a Human Infant Fecal Microbiota-Transplanted Malnourished Gnotobiotic Pig Model.

Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries where widespread malnutrition contributes to the decreased oral vaccine efficacy and increased prevalence of other enteric infections, which are major concerns for global health. Neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets closely resemble human infants in their anatomy, physiology, and outbred status, providing a unique model to investigate malnutrition, supplementations, and HRV infection. To understand the molecular signatures associated with immune enhancement and reduced diarrheal severity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and tryptophan (TRP), immunological responses and global nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics approaches were investigated on the plasma and fecal contents of malnourished pigs transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota and infected with virulent (Vir) HRV.

Evaluation of Novel Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Targeting Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) for the Control of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infections in Chickens.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) associated with colibacillosis results in high morbidity and mortality, and severe economic losses to the poultry industry. APEC is a zoonotic pathogen and can infect humans through contaminated poultry products. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment are currently used to control APEC infections; however, the limited effect of vaccines and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains have necessitated the development of novel therapeutics.

Gut Microbiota of Obese Children Influences Inflammatory Mucosal Immune Pathways in the Respiratory Tract to Influenza Virus Infection: Optimization of an Ideal Duration of Microbial Colonization in a Gnotobiotic Pig Model.

The impact of obesity on the human microbiota, immune maturation, and influenza virus infection has not been yet established in natural host animal models of influenza. In this study, gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were colonized with human fecal microbiota (HFM) of obese (oHFM) or healthy lean (hHFM) children and infected at different periods (2-, 3-, and 5-weeks post-transplantation) using a zoonotic influenza virus strain. The infected oHFM pigs were characterized by lower levels of Firmicutes (, and Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (), which was associated with higher levels of Proteobacteria (Klebsiella), Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia () compared with the infected hHFM group ( < 0.

A cross-sectional study of the nasal and fecal microbiota of sows from different health status within six commercial swine farms.

Background: Cull sows are a unique population on swine farms, often representing poor producing or compromised animals, and even though recent studies have reported that the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to diseases, the microbiome of the cull sow population has not been explored. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in fecal and upper respiratory tract microbiota composition for groups of sows of different health status (healthy, cull, and compromised/ clinical sows) and from different farms (1 to 6).

Methods: Six swine farms were visited once.

Compound Prioritization through Meta-Analysis Enhances the Discovery of Antimicrobial Hits against Bacterial Pathogens.

The development of informatic tools to improve the identification of novel antimicrobials would significantly reduce the cost and time of drug discovery. We previously screened several plant ( sp., sp.

Novel Small Molecule Growth Inhibitor Affecting Bacterial Outer Membrane Reduces Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Infection in Avian Model.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a subgroup of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes colibacillosis in chickens and is reportedly implicated in urinary tract infections and meningitis in humans. A major limitation for the current ExPEC antibiotic therapy is the development of resistance, and antibacterial drugs that can circumvent this problem are critically needed.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Identification of Novel Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Peptides.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), an extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes colibacillosis in poultry and is also a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen.

Novel Small Molecule Growth Inhibitors of spp. Causing Bacterial Spot of Tomato.

Bacterial spot (BS) of tomato, caused by , , , and , is difficult to control because of the high prevalence of copper- and streptomycin-resistant strains and the lack of resistance cultivars and effective bactericides. The objective of this study was to identify novel growth inhibitors of BS-causing (BS-X) species by using small molecules (SM;  = 4,182). Several SMs (X1, X2, X5, X9, X12, and X16) completely inhibited the growth of BS-X isolates ( = 68 , 55 , 4 , and 32 ) at ≥12.

Bioluminescent pv. as a Tool to Quantify Bacteria , Screen Germplasm, and Identify Infection Routes on Leaf Surfaces.

Imaging technology can provide insight into biological processes governing plant-pathogen interactions. We created and used a bioluminescent strain of pv. (Xg) to quantify infection processes in plants using tomato as a model.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Enhances Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Ciprofloxacin-Treated Defined-Microbiota Piglet Model of Human Rotavirus Infection.

Human rotavirus (HRV) infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Broad-spectrum antibiotic-induced intestinal microbial imbalance and the ensuing immune-metabolic dysregulation contribute to the persistence of HRV diarrhea. Nissle 1917 (EcN), a Gram-negative probiotic, was shown to be a potent immunostimulant and alleviated HRV-induced diarrhea in monocolonized gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets.

Colonization, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Stunting, and Associated Risk Factors Among Young Children in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project.

Livestock farming provides a possible mechanism by which smallholder farmers can meet their household need for animal source foods (ASF), which may reduce the risk of stunting. However, direct/indirect contacts with domestic animals may increase colonization by spp., which has been associated with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) and stunting.

Reduced rotavirus vaccine efficacy in protein malnourished human-faecal-microbiota-transplanted gnotobiotic pig model is in part attributed to the gut microbiota.

The low efficacy of human rotavirus (HRV) vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remains a major challenge for global health. Protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor) affects the gut microbiota and compromises immune development, leading to environmental enteropathy, vaccine failures, and increased susceptibility to enteric diseases in young children. Relationship between diet and reduced vaccine efficacy in developing countries is not well established; therefore, we investigated the interconnections between the host-microbiota-nutrition-HRV vaccine using HRV-vaccinated, human infant faecal microbiota (HIFM)-transplanted neonatal gnotobiotic pigs fed with a protein deficient or sufficient diet.

Impact of Plant Pathogen Infection on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotype Typhimurium Persistence in Tomato Plants.

Abstract: We investigated whether the co-occurrence of phytopathogens (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis [Cmm] and Xanthomonas gardneri [Xg]) frequently encountered in tomato production and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium (strain JSG626) affects the persistence of these pathogens in tomato plant tissues during the early stages of plant growth.

On-Farm Evaluations of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Grafting for Management of a Widespread Soilborne Disease Complex in Protected Culture Tomato Production.

Tomato production in Ohio protected culture systems is hindered by a soilborne disease complex consisting of corky root rot (), black dot root rot (), Verticillium wilt (), and root-knot ( and ). In a survey of 71 high tunnels, was detected in 90% of high tunnels, and (46%), (48%), and spp. (45%) were found in nearly half of high tunnels.