Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation on human bladder function.

Aims: The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a deep brain stimulation target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Unilateral PPN stimulation has been described in a previous case report to provoke urinary frequency, urgency and detrusor overactivity, due to probable activation of the pontine micturition center. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of bilateral PPN DBS on urodynamic parameters and to investigate the likely mechanisms using probabilistic tractography.