Supplementation of nano-selenium (SeNPs) improved growth, immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and selenium retention in broiler chicken during summer season.

The present experiment was aimed at finding the optimal supplemental dose of nano-selenium in broiler chicken during the summer season for better performance in terms of growth, blood metabolites, immune response, antioxidant status, and selenium concentration in vital organs. Three-hundred-day-old Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five dietary treatment groups with six replicates of 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments were as follows: T1 (control group), basal diet; T2, basal diet with 0.

A discrete Cu(Pd-bpy)L heterometallic compound with superoxide dismutase enzyme like activity.

A discrete heterometallic compound consisting of Cu(ii) and Pd(ii) units which mimicks Bovine Cu-ZnSOD has been synthesised in aqueous medium. Its superoxide radical ion scavenging activity is higher than the SOD activity of Scylla serrata tissues and comparable with the liver of Gallus domesticus.

iCa Flux, ROS and IL-10 Determines Cytotoxic, and Suppressor T Cell Functions in Chronic Human Viral Infections.

Exhaustion of CD8 T cells and increased IL-10 production is well-known in chronic viral infections but mechanisms leading to loss of their cytotoxic capabilities and consequent exhaustion remain unclear. Exhausted CD8T cells also called T suppressors are highly immune suppressive with altered T cell receptor signaling characteristics that mark it exclusively from their cytotoxic counterparts. Our study found that iCa flux is reduced following T cell receptor activation in T suppressor cells when compared to their effector counterpart.

Genotypic validation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and virulence factors in multidrug resistance in an Indian hospital.

The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing has been increasing rapidly across the world. The presence of virulence factors in ESBL producers further adds to the pathogenicity and severity of infection, which often complicate empirical therapy and sometimes result in treatment failures. In the present study, 227 non-repeated clinical isolates of obtained from different clinical specimens from a tertiary care hospital in India were analyzed to detect the genes responsible for ESBL production (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV), virulence (fimH-1, mrkD, entB, irp-1), and capsule production (K1-K2).

Epidemiological trends and molecular dynamics of dengue, chikungunya virus infection, coinfection, and other undifferentiated fever during 2015-2016 in Odisha, India.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is spatiotemporally related to dengue virus (DENV) infection and mostly undiagnosed due to similar primary symptoms. In 2013, a high rate (36%) of coinfection of DENV and CHIKV was reported in Odisha. Hence, the hospital-based study was continued to synthesis current epidemiological understanding of their single distribution or coinfection.

Retrospective study on clonal relationship of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp. indicates closed circulation and initiation of clonal divergence.

Purpose: Antibiotic resistance patterns often exhibit geographical variations. Periodic analyses of resistance spectra and phylogenetic trends are important guides for facilitating judicious use of therapeutic interventions. The present study retrospectively analysed the infection trends, resistance patterns, and clonal relationships between isolates of Klebsiella spp.

Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from a tertiary care hospital.

Infectious diseases caused by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae are an emerging problem worldwide which increases the empirical treatment failure, hospital cost, rate of morbidity and mortality. This also leads to the Hospital infection outbreak. Present study was undertaken to determine the frequency of bla, bla and bla genes among Enterobacteriaceae.

Prevalence of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in adults.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major sources of widespread infectious diseases in the community as well as in the hospitals which increase the cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic E. coli isolates has been found to be increased rapidly across the world.

Functional Genome Screening to Elucidate the Colistin Resistance Mechanism.

Antibiogram profile of 1590 clinical bacterial isolates based on thirteen different antimicrobial compounds showed that 1.6% of the bacterial isolates are multidrug resistant. Distribution pattern based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted the largest group (83.

High rates of co-infection of Dengue and Chikungunya virus in Odisha and Maharashtra, India during 2013.

Dengue viral (DENV) infection is endemic in different parts of India and because of similar primary signs and symptoms, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is mostly undiagnosed. Hence, we investigated 204 suspected Dengue cases in a hospital based cross-sectional study in Odisha, India in 2013. It was observed that 50 samples were positive for DENV only, 28 were positive for CHIKV only and interestingly, 28 patients were co-infected with both DENV and CHIKV.

Phylogenetic study of metallo-β-lactamase producing multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn patients.

The present study was carried out to understand the clonal relationship using enterobacteriaceae repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) among metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from burn victims and their susceptibility to commonly used anti-pseudomonal agents. In the present study 94 non-duplicate P. aeruginosa strains from the wound samples of burn patients were included.

Surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in Indian.

Objective: To record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.

Methods: Urine samples from wards and cabins were used for isolating urinary tract infection (UTI)-causing bacteria that were cultured on suitable selective media and identified by biochemical tests; and their antibiograms were ascertained by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method, in each 6-month interval of the study period, using 18 antibiotics of five different classes.

Results: From wards and cabins, 1 245 samples were collected, from which 996 strains of bacteria belonging to 11 species were isolated, during April 2011 to September 2012.

Development of a targeted siRNA delivery system using FOL-PEG-PEI conjugate.

Receptor mediated delivery of siRNA enables silencing of target genes in specific tissues. Folate receptor (FR) is an attractive target for tumor-selective gene delivery. The focus of this study was to deliver the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) siRNA expressing plasmid and to silence the DHFR gene in FR positive KB cells, by complexing the plasmid with a folate-polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine (FOL-PEG-PEI) conjugate, as a gene carrier.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF ISOLATES FROM WOUND AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS.

Two-hundred and eighty bacterial isolates from wound and soft tissue infections were studied for species identification and antibiotic resistance pattern. Amongst them 122 isolates were from community acquired infection and 158 were from nosocomial infections. The common community acquired pathogens were (67.

AND HUMAN INFERTILITY: EFFECT ON SPERMATOZOA MORPHOLOGY.

Seminal fluids of 197 males with complaints of involuntary infertility were examined for spermatozoal counts, morphological changes in the spermatozoa and cultured for ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas. In 12, no spermatozoa were present, 29 had a count of less than one million and 156 had more than one million spermatozoa per mL of the seminal fluid. Various morphological changes were detected in the spermatozoa in some cases.

CHANGES IN URINARY ISOLATES AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN.

A total of 338 urinary isolates were studied at AFMC, Pune during 1998 for species identification and antibiotic resistance. Out of 145 community isolates were 67% followed by (11%). The hospital isolates of and showed higher resistance to ampicillin (81% and 89% respectively) than to cefotaxime (23% and 22% respectively).

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENTEROPATHOGENIC CARRIER STATE AMONG FOOD HANDLERS OF ARMED FORCES EATING ESTABLISHMENTS.

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was undertaken on a randomly selected sample of 308 food handlers working in different eating establishments of Indian Armed Forces in Pune. These included 101 Service personnel and 207 civilians. Stool samples were analysed for enteropathogens and epidemiological assessment of gastrointestinal disease occurrence in the military units of these food handlers was undertaken.

PLASMID MEDIATED DRUG RESISTANCE IN VIBRIO CHOLERAE 0139 BENGAL.

Sixteen strains of were isolated from cases of diarrhoea. Out of these, 12 (75%) were identified as and 4 (25%) as Vibrio cholerae El Tor by standard biochemical and serological tests. Modified CAMP reaction in sheep blood agar showed that 0139 produced moderate hemolysis, El Tor produced wider zone of hemolysis whereas Classical produced no zone of hemolysis (CAMP negative).

A STUDY OF METHODS USED FOR DISINFECTION OF ANAESTHETIC EQUIPMENT BETWEEN TWO SURGICAL OPERATIONS AT A LARGE TEACHING HOSPITAL.

A prospective study on the growth of bacteria on certain commonly used anaesthetic equipment was undertaken in a large teaching hospital with a view to assess the effectiveness of disinfection/sterilization procedures. Samples for microbiological assessment were drawn by the worker using standardised procedures and tested in the laboratory by a microbiologist, blinded to the type of sample. Criteria for growth positivity was taken as > 25 colony forming units.