Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of surgical services. The purpose of this communication was to report the impact of the pandemic on surgical training and learner well-being and to document adaptations made by surgery departments.

Study Design: A 37-item survey was distributed to educational leaders in general surgery and other surgical specialty training programs.

Academic Partnerships in Global Surgery: An Overview American Surgical Association Working Group on Academic Global Surgery.

: Most surgeons from high-income countries who work in global surgery will do so through partnerships between their institutions and institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this article, the American Surgical Association Working Group for Global Surgery lays out recommendations for criteria that contribute to equitable, sustainable, and effective partnerships. These include ethically engaging with the LMIC partner institution by putting its interests first and by proactively seeking to be aware of cultural issues.

Progress in Global Surgery Comment on "Global Surgery - Informing National Strategies for Scaling Up Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa".

Impressive progress has been made in global surgery in the past 10 years, and now serious and evidence-based national strategies are being developed for scaling-up surgical services in sub-Saharan Africa. Key to achieving this goal requires developing a realistic country-based estimate of burden of surgical disease, developing an accurate estimate of existing need, developing methods, rigorously planning and implementing the plan, and scaling-up essential surgical services at the national level.

Global Surgery: Effective Involvement of US Academic Surgery: Report of the American Surgical Association Working Group on Global Surgery.

: There is an unacceptably high burden of death and disability from conditions that are treatable by surgery, worldwide and especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The major actions to improve this situation need to be taken by the surgical communities, institutions, and governments of the LMICs. The US surgical community, including the US academic surgical community, has, however, important roles to play in addressing this problem.

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition.

The World Bank is publishing nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition (DCP3) between 2015 and 2018. Volume 9, Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, summarises the main messages from all the volumes and contains cross-cutting analyses. This Review draws on all nine volumes to convey conclusions.

Global Surgery 2030: a roadmap for high income country actors.

The Millennium Development Goals have ended and the Sustainable Development Goals have begun, marking a shift in the global health landscape. The frame of reference has changed from a focus on 8 development priorities to an expansive set of 17 interrelated goals intended to improve the well-being of all people. In this time of change, several groups, including the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, have brought a critical problem to the fore: 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed.

A New Master's Degree in Global Health: Reflections on a 5-year Experience.

Background: The University of California-San Francisco's (UCSF) Master of Science (MS) degree in global health sciences, a 1-year degree program started in 2008, is the first accredited master's degree in global health in the country.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the genesis and structure of the MS degree program, and describe its progress over its first 5 years.

Methods: We reviewed the program's teaching methods, academic curriculum, course evaluations, and backgrounds and outcomes of the first 127 graduates.

Systematic Review of Surgical Literature from Resource-Limited Countries: Developing Strategies for Success.

Background: Injuries and surgical diseases are leading causes of global mortality. We sought to identify successful strategies to augment surgical capacity and research endeavors in low-income countries (LIC's) based on existing peer-reviewed literature.

Methods: A systematic review of literature from or pertaining to LIC's from January 2002 to December 2011 was performed.

Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition.

The World Bank will publish the nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition, in 2015-16. Volume 1--Essential Surgery--identifies 44 surgical procedures as essential on the basis that they address substantial needs, are cost effective, and are feasible to implement. This report summarises and critically assesses the volume's five key findings.

Partnering on education for health: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences and the University of California San Francisco.

In 2005, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in Tanzania and the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) in the United States joined to form a partnership across all the schools in our institutions. Although our goal is to address the health workforce crisis in Tanzania, we have gained much as institutions. We review the work undertaken and point out how this education partnership differs from many research collaborations.

Educating enough competent health professionals: advancing educational innovation at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.

Sarah MacFarlane and colleagues share their lessons engaging in educational reform and faculty development with the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania and the University of California San Francisco.

The University of California Global Health Institute opportunities and challenges.

The creation of the University of California Global Health Institute represents a paradigm shift in structure and function. Its 3 centers of expertise (Migration and Health, One Health, and Women's Health and Empowerment) not only involve all 10 of the University of California campuses but also bring together a wide range of disciplines from both the health and nonhealth sciences. They have created truly interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary programs that are addressing complex global health challenges of the twenty-first century, training future global health leaders, and forging international academic partnerships.

Essential surgery at the district hospital: a retrospective descriptive analysis in three African countries.

Background: Surgical conditions contribute significantly to the disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet there is an apparent neglect of surgical care as a public health intervention to counter this burden. There is increasing enthusiasm to reverse this trend, by promoting essential surgical services at the district hospital, the first point of contact for critical conditions for rural populations.

Human resource and funding constraints for essential surgery in district hospitals in Africa: a retrospective cross-sectional survey.

Background: There is a growing recognition that the provision of surgical services in low-income countries is inadequate to the need. While constrained health budgets and health worker shortages have been blamed for the low rates of surgery, there has been little empirical data on the providers of surgery and cost of surgical services in Africa. This study described the range of providers of surgical care and anesthesia and estimated the resources dedicated to surgery at district hospitals in three African countries.