Molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in a tertiary referral hospital of northeast India.

Purpose: Diarrhoeal illness accounts for a high morbidity and mortality both in paediatric as well as adult groups and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli occupies a top position as a causative agent of infectious diarrhoeal illness worldwide. The aim of the current investigation was to determine the virulence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli that are linked to diarrhoea in patients of both adult and paediatric age groups.

Methods: A total of 50 consecutive, nonduplicate Escherichia coli isolates were collected from patients with gastro-enteritis who were admitted to different clinical wards Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India.

Transcriptional Analysis of IncF-Mediated -Positive Plasmid Characterized from ST448.

To investigate the transcriptional response of and the copy number alteration of IncF plasmid carrying under an antibiotic concentration gradient. strains harboring on an IncFrep plasmid were isolated from Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India. Sequence type and common resistance determinants were determined by PCR assay.

Distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with bla and induction of ADC-30 in response to beta-lactam antibiotics.

A wide range of intrinsic Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases (ADC) along with other carbapenemases has now been detected in Acinetobacter baumannii leaving clinicians with few treatment options. The present study reports the spread of ADC-30 co-producing KPC-2 along with other β-lactamases among carbapenem resistant A. baumannii strains obtained from ICU patients in two Indian hospitals.

Occurrence of diverse aminoglycoside modifying enzymes with co-existing extended-spectrum-β-lactamases within Enterobacteriaceae isolated in India.

Objective: The present study describes aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) among clinical isolates with coexisting extended spectrum beta-lactamases.

Methodology: A total of 227 non duplicate enterobacterial isolates were collected and identified from patients who were admitted to different wards or attended OPD of a tertiary referral hospital of North-East India. Isolates were initially screened for antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed by PCR based screening of aminoglycosides modifying enzymes and co-existing ESBLs and carbapenemases.

Prevalence of with other co-infecting parasites in Barak Valley, Assam, India: a molecular approach.

was included in the World Health Organization's Neglected Disease Initiative in 2004 as it may range from asymptomatic to chronic or severe diarrhoea and chronic disorders post-infection. The present study aimed to find out the rate of sole infection of and co-infection of this with other protozoan parasites among the inhabitants of Barak Valley region of Southern Assam by conventional and molecular detection. A total of 1168 samples were collected from different groups of individuals, all the collected samples were subjected to microscopy after specific staining by Lugol's iodine solution, Trichrome staining and modified ZN staining procedures.

Effect of concentration gradient carbapenem exposure on expression of bla and acrA in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli, one of the major pathogens, frequently exhibits carbapenem resistance. It would be of interest to investigate which of the mechanisms responds when a strain that carries both bla and over expressed AcrAB-TolC efflux pump system is exposed against carbapenem under differential concentration gradient stress. Four different sets of strains were used in the study; (i) Strain that have bla and over expressed AcrAB-TolC system (ii) Strain that harbour bla and express AcrAB-TolC at basal level (iii) the strain that is devoid of bla but having over expressed AcrAB-TolC systems and (iv) E.

Expansion of highly stable bla β-lactamase family within diverse host range among nosocomial isolates of Gram-negative bacilli within a tertiary referral hospital of Northeast India.

Background: The current study reports dissemination of highly stable bla family of beta lactamases among diverse group of nosocomial isolates of Gram-negative bacilli within a tertiary referral hospital of the northern part of India.

Methods: In the current study, a total number of 590 Gram negative isolates were selected for a period of 1 year (i.e.

An unusual occurrence of plasmid-mediated bla carbapenemase in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from India.

The bla group was considered as the first group of OXA-type β-lactamases conferring carbapenem resistance and has been reported worldwide in Acinetobacter baumannii, however their presence in Escherichia coli is very rare and unique. This study describes an unusual occurrence of bla in 14 clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from intensive care unit patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in India.

Occurrence of Acquired 16S rRNA Methyltransferase-Mediated Aminoglycoside Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae within a Tertiary Referral Hospital of Northeast India.

The methylation of a ribosomal target leads to a high level of resistance to all clinically relevant aminoglycoside antibiotics, so early detection of these resistance determinants will help to reduce the incidence of treatment failures as well as lessen the dissemination rate. Here, we characterized different 16S rRNA methyltransferases responsible for aminoglycoside resistance and their epidemiological background in clinical isolates of in a tertiary referral hospital in India. All aminoglycoside-resistant isolates were screened for different 16S rRNA methyltransferases by PCR assay, and incompatibility typing of the conjugable plasmid harboring resistance genes was performed by PCR-based replicon typing.

Transcriptional analysis of and copy number alteration under carbapenem stress.

Background: New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase is known to compromise carbapenem therapy and leading to treatment failure. However, their response to carbapenem stress is not clearly known. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional response of and plasmid copy number alteration under carbapenem exposure.

Occurrence of bla within IncX3-type plasmid of Escherichia coli from India.

Background: New-Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-7 with higher hydrolytic activity than its ancestor NDM-1 is emerging across the globe including India. In this study, we have investigated the genetic context of bla and alteration in plasmid copy number under concentration gradient carbapenem stress.

Materials And Methods: Six bla producing Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from Silchar Medical College and Hospital and the co-existence of other β-lactamases and transferability of this resistant determinant was determined by transformation and conjugation assay followed by typing of the plasmid by PBRT method.

Molecular and in silico analysis of a new plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (CMH-2) in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Two Klebsiella strains isolated from urine samples were positive for bla by PCR and showed sequence similarity with CMH-1 (98.6%) after sequencing. It also shares 82% similarity with ACT-1, 85% with MIR-1 and 81% with the chromosomal AmpC gene of Enterobacter cloacae.

Occurrence of co-existing bla VIM-2 and bla NDM-1 in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from India.

Background: bla VIM-2 harboring Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported worldwide and considered as the most prevalent metallo-β-lactamase after NDM which are found horizontally transferable and mostly associated with integron gene cassettes. The present study investigates the genetic background, transmission dynamics as well as stability of bla VIM-2 in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa harbor bla NDM-1 as well which were collected from October 2012 to September 2013.