Importance of H-MR spectroscopy of the brain to identify the minimal hepatic encephalopathy in different patients with liver cirrhosis: A prospective study.

Objectives: Liver cirrhosis patients commonly progress to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with cognitive impairment and raised blood ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines levels. This study aims to identify the subjects of MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis by hydrogen 1 magnetic resonance (1H-MR) spectroscopy of the brain, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and neuropsychiatric tests.

Materials And Methods: This prospective was carried out on 100 patients of liver cirrhosis without overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and compared with 100 healthy controls in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India between September 2017 and October 2019.

Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Cavitary Lung Lesions With a Histopathological Correlation: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Cavitary lung disease has a wide range of differential diagnoses, which include both benign and malignant lesions. Imaging differentiation of benign from malignant cavitary lesions has always been a challenge due to overlapping imaging findings. The present study describes the most accurate multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings that could help in differentiating benign from malignant conditions in correlation with the histopathological reports.

Utility of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Segment Ocular Lesions Using Sensitivity and Specificity.

Background: High-resolution Ultrasound (USG) provides good anatomical details of the ocular posterior segment and depicts the various pathological conditions affecting the ocular posterior segment, which helps ophthalmologists for choosing the best treatment options. This study aims to evaluate the utility of High-resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Segment Ocular lesions by using Sensitivity and Specificity.

Materials And Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study enrolled 81 patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Added-Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE-MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Preoperative Assessment of Cervical Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the added-value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the preoperative assessment of carcinoma cervix.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on histopathologically proven 45 patients of carcinoma cervix presented to a tertiary care hospital with bleeding per vagina between August 2017 and July 2018. Relevant local per vaginal examination and MRI examination of the pelvis were performed.

The Utility of Biliary Manometry in Assessing Early Catheter Removal After Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation of Hepaticojejunostomy Strictures.

Background and objective Percutaneous balloon dilatation followed by long-term internal-external biliary catheter (IEBC) placement is the standard radiological management for postoperative hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) strictures. The treatment is considered successful when cholangiography shows a free flow of contrast across the anastomosis and the patient passes a "clinical test". However, these tests may not be suitable predictors of long-term successful treatment outcomes.

Challenges and Outcomes of COVID-19 Positive Neurosurgical Patients: An Institutional Experience With Emphasis on Modifications of Neurosurgical Practice.

Introduction: There has been a drastic reduction in the number of neurosurgeries performed during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a multitude of challenges prompting restructuring of neurosurgical services. The present study describes the challenges and outcomes of non-elective neurosurgical procedures done on COVID-19 positive patients along with the modifications in neurosurgical practice during the pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective study was done in the Department of Neurosurgery over a period of one year and three months.

'Phenytoin: Shepherd or Wolf in Disguise? Phenytoin-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Case Series.

Phenytoin is a commonly used antiepileptic drug for various types of seizure disorders except for absent seizures. Long-term dose-dependent neurological side effects of phenytoin therapy include cerebellar atrophy, cerebral atrophy, and brain stem atrophy. Skull hyperostosis, gum hypertrophy, and megaloblastic anemia are other known effects of long-term therapy.

Role of MRI in Differentiating Various Posterior Cranial Fossa Space-Occupying Lesions Using Sensitivity and Specificity: A Prospective Study.

Background: Any abnormal space-occupying posterior fossa lesion may directly involve the vital structures like the brain stem, cranial nerves, cerebellum, vertebrobasilar artery, and venous sinuses, which makes the surgical approach and total excision very difficult. Hence for these reasons, precise evaluation of posterior fossa lesion with MRI is a must to visualize the vital structures, which helps in planning and safe surgery.  Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the localization, extension, characterization, differentiation of various posterior fossa space-occupying lesions, and correlating with the histopathological result.

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Perianal Fistulae.

 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating perianal fistulae, due to its ability to show the relationship of perianal fistulae with anal sphincters, fistula extensions, secondary ramifications and associated complications.  To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted MRI in the evaluation of perianal fistulae.  A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Normative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of orbital structures in pediatric population of North-Eastern India: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The people of Northeast India comprise mostly of Mongoloid descent with characteristic craniofacial features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal orbital structures with MRI and determine normative data in the Northeast Indian pediatric population.

Methods: MRI images of the 302 orbits of 151 pediatric patients below 16 years of age were retrospectively evaluated to measure the various orbital structures.

Added Value of Three-Plane Multiecho Fast Field Echo MRI Sequence in the Evaluation of Acute Spinal Trauma Using Sensitivity: A Prospective Study.

Background Multiecho fast field echo (mFFE) MRI sequence provides added value to the conventional MR imaging in evaluation of acute spinal trauma, especially for detecting spinal cord hemorrhage which is a best predictor for patient prognosis. Objective This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of three-plane mFFE MRI sequence along with the conventional MRI sequences in acute spinal trauma patients using sensitivity.  Materials and methods This prospective study comprised of 48 patients of acute spinal trauma.

MRI Spectrum of Japanese Encephalitis in Northeast India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

 Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus infection having high mortality and morbidity. This study was performed to evaluate the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in JE and to find out any difference between pediatric and adult JE.  This retrospective study was performed on serologically positive 54 JE patients presented to a tertiary care hospital with acute encephalitic symptoms between April 2016 and October 2019.

Added Value of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Musculoskeletal Tumors Using Sensitivity and Specificity: A Retrospective Study and Review of Literature.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides added value to conventional MRI imaging in diagnosing and differentiating various benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies of diffusion-weighted imaging along with the conventional MRI sequences for differentiating benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors using sensitivity and specificity.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 73 histopathologically proven patients of various musculoskeletal tumors who presented to a tertiary care center between March 2017 to October 2018.

Endovascular Parent Artery Occlusion for Intracranial Aneurysms is a Viable, Cost-Effective Alternative: An Institutional Experience from Northeast India.

Purpose: Endovascular parent artery occlusion (PAO) may be an alternative approach for complex intracranial aneurysm with potentially life-threatening complications. Moreover, the long-term follow-up of the PAO for an intracranial aneurysm is reported sparingly, limited to the case series. It is therefore important to carry out more research on long-term follow-up of the implication of PAO of intracranial aneurysm.

Added value of 3D-DRIVE and SWI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences in Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis (IVNCC): An Institutional Experience from Northeast India.

Background: Prompt diagnosis and early treatment institution are important in intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC) as compared to the parenchymal or racemose form because it is associated with a poorer patient prognosis. Intraventricular neurocysticercosis is often missed on CT scan or conventional cranial magnetic resonance imaging because of similar density or signal intensity of cysticercus lesion with cerebrospinal fluid.Thestudy aims to evaluate the added value of 3D-DRIVE and SWI MRI sequences in isolated intraventricular cysticercosis with acute neurological presentation.

Endovascular Management of Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Evolution of Cost Effective Sandwich Technique.

 There is a direct fistulous connection between the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus in cases of direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF). Endovascular embolization is the mainstay of management in this condition. This study is about the evolution of endovascular treatment methods and the development of a cost-effective technique for embolization of direct CCF at a tertiary care center.

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of posterior spinal tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Isolated posterior spinal (element) tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon compared to classical anterior spinal or para-discal TB. Here, we report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of posterior spinal TB in 19 patients without involvement of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc.

Purpose: To evaluate the MRI findings in isolated posterior spinal (element) TB.

Glue Embolization of Adrenal Artery Pseudoaneurysm: Case Series with Review of Literature.

Mortality rates for pseudoaneurysm (PSA) rupture are high and immediate intervention in the form of embolization can be life saving for the patient. Adrenal artery PSAs are rare with scarce references in literature. These arteries are small in caliber and require modification of the cannulation techniques for endovascular access.

Bimelic symmetric Hirayama disease: Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings and comparative evaluation with classical monomelic amyotrophy and other motor neuron disease.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in bilateral symmetrical Hirayama disease and find out MRI features which are probably more indicative of symmetrical Hirayama disease, thereby help in differentiating this entity from other motor neuron disease (MND). This prospective as well as retrospective study was carried out from December 2010 to September 2016 in a tertiary care center of northeast India on 92 patients with Hirayama disease. Only 19 patients having bilateral symmetric upper limb involvement at the time of presentation were included in this study sample.

Spectrum of MRI Appearance of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome in Primary Amenorrhea Patients.

Introduction: Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) synd-rome is a malformation in female genital tract due to interrupted embryonic development of para-mesonephric ducts leading to uterine and proximal vagina aplasia or hypoplasia.

Aim: To analyse the MRI findings in females suspected of MRKH syndrome in a primary amenorrhea workup.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of 11 patients of MRKH syndrome presented in a tertiary care centre from March 2016 to February 2017 evaluated in 1.

Extra-pituitary Cerebral Anomalies in Pediatric Patients of Ectopic Neurohypophysis: An Uncommon Association.

Context: Ectopic neurohypophysis (EN) refers to an interrupted, nonvisualized, and thinned out pituitary stalk with ectopic location of the posterior pituitary gland. Concurrent extra-pituitary cerebral and extra-cranial anomalies have been rarely reported in patients of EN.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of extra-pituitary cerebral anomalies in pediatric patients of EN.

Role of Cross Sectional Imaging in Isolated Chest Wall Tuberculosis.

Introduction: Isolated chest wall tuberculosis though a rare entity, the incidence of it has been on rise among immunocompromised population making it an important challenging diagnosis for the physicians. Its clinical presentation may resemble pyogenic chest wall abscess or chest wall soft tissue tumour. Sometimes it is difficult to detect clinically or on plain radiograph.

Characterisation of musculoskeletal tumours by multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy in differentiating benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumours in a more objective way and to correlate the MRS data parameters with histopathology.

Methods And Materials: A hospital-based prospective study was carried out comprising 42 patients who underwent MRI examinations from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. After routine sequences, single-slice multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy was included at TE-135 using the PRESS sequence.

Percutaneous Direct Needle Puncture and Transcatheter N-butyl Cyanoacrylate Injection Techniques for the Embolization of Pseudoaneurysms and Aneurysms of Arteries Supplying the Hepato-pancreato-biliary System and Gastrointestinal Tract.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of percutaneous direct needle puncture and transcatheter N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) injection techniques for the embolization of pseudoaneurysms and aneurysms of arteries supplying the hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Subjects And Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, where the study group comprised 11 patients with pseudoaneurysms/aneurysms of arteries supplying the HPB system and GI tract presenting to a tertiary care center from January 2015 to June 2016. Four patients (36.

Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of pediatric spinal anomalies.

Context: Spinal dysraphisms are congenital abnormalities of the spine due to imperfect fusion of midline mesenchymal, bony and neural structures. Imaging plays a vital role in their evaluation as significant portion of patients may present with concurrent anomalies that need to be corrected simultaneously to avoid repeat surgeries.

Aims: The aims of the study were to evaluate Spinal dysraphisms using USG and MRI and to correlate imaging findings with operative findings in patients undergoing surgery.