Transcriptomic Mapping of Neurotoxicity Pathways in the Rat Brain in Response to Intraventricular Polymyxin B.

Intraventricular or intrathecal administration of polymyxins are increasingly used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria caused infections in the central nervous system (CNS). However, our limited knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning polymyxin-induced neurotoxicity significantly hinders the development of safe and efficacious polymyxin dosing regimens. To this end, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of the rat brain and spinal cord 1 h following intracerebroventricular administration of polymyxin B into rat lateral ventricle at a clinically relevant dose (0.

Mobile Social Screening and Referral Intervention in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objective: Many families in pediatric emergency departments (PED) have unmet social needs, which may be detected and addressed with the use of a digital social needs intervention. Our objective was to characterize the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing personal phones or a PED tablet for screening and referral to social services.

Methods: We conducted a prospective single-arm intervention study using a convenience sample of caregivers and adult patients in an urban PED between May 2019 and October 2020.

Game statistics that discriminate winning and losing at the NBA level of basketball competition.

The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in game-related statistical parameters between National Basketball Association (NBA) regular and post-season competitive periods and to determine which variables have the greatest contribution in discriminating between winning and losing game outcomes. The data scraping technique was used to obtain publicly available NBA game-related statistics over a three-year span (2016-2019). The total number of games examined in the present investigation was 3933 (3690 regular season and 243 post-season games).

Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Proficient and Non-Proficient 2-Point and 3-Point Basketball Shooters.

The purpose of this study was to examine kinetic and kinematic characteristics of various types of 2-point and 3-point basketball shooting approaches and determine which variables have the greatest contribution in discriminating proficient (PRO) from non-proficient (N-PRO) shooters. While standing on a force plate, twenty-nine recreationally active males performed a total of 1740 shots by utilizing stationary and step-in shooting approaches. Two high-definition cameras were used to simultaneously capture kinematic parameters of shooting motions.

Acetone Ingestion Mimics a Fasting State to Improve Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Gestational Hyperglycemia.

Gestational diabetes mellitus results, in part, from a sub-optimal β-cell mass (BCM) during pregnancy. Artemisinins were reported to increase BCM in models of diabetes by α- to β-cell conversion leading to enhanced glucose tolerance. We used a mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance to compare the effects of an artemisinin (artesunate) on glycemia of pregnant mice with vehicle treatment (acetone) or no treatment.

Admission Physiology vs Blood Pressure: Predicting the Need for Operating Room Thoracotomy after Penetrating Thoracic Trauma.

Background: Approximately 15% of patients with penetrating thoracic trauma require an emergency center or operating room thoracotomy, usually for hemodynamic instability or persistent hemorrhage. The hypothesis in this study was that admission physiology, not vital signs, predicts the need for operating room thoracotomy.

Study Design: We conducted a trauma registry review, 2002 to 2017, of adult patients undergoing operating room thoracotomy within 6 hours of admission (emergency department thoracotomies excluded).

Shock, Not Blood Pressure or Shock Index, Determines the Need for Thoracic Damage Control Following Penetrating Trauma.

Background: Damage control laparotomy has increased survival for critically injured patient with penetrating abdominal trauma. There has been a slower adoption of a damage control strategy for thoracic trauma despite the considerable mortality associated with emergent thoracotomy for patients in profound shock. We postulated admission physiology, not blood pressure or shock index, would identify patients who would benefit from thoracic damage control.

Wound Culture Utility in Negative Surgical Exploration for Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection.

Early surgical intervention decreases mortality in necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Yet, a subset of patients will not have NSTIs (non-NSTIs) at the time of exploration. We hypothesized that NSTI and non-NSTI patients had similar causative organisms and that intraoperative wound cultures could help guide management.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Is Safe in Emergency General Surgery Patients with Cirrhosis.

Cirrhosis is associated with adverse outcomes after emergency general surgery (EGS). The objective of this study was to determine the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in EGS patients with cirrhosis. We performed a two-year retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstones.

Narrowed pulse pressure predicts massive transfusion and emergent operative intervention following penetrating trauma.

Introduction: The early identification of hemorrhagic shock may be challenging. The objective of this study was to examine the utility of a narrowed pulse pressure in identifying the need for emergent interventions following penetrating trauma.

Methods: In this 2.

Chance to cut: defining a negative exploration rate in patients with suspected necrotizing soft tissue infection.

Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are aggressive infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite multiple predictive models for the identification of NSTI, a subset of patients will not have an NSTI at the time of surgical exploration. We hypothesized there is a subset of patients without NSTI who are clinically indistinguishable from those with NSTI.

Routine repeat head CT may not be necessary for patients with mild TBI.

Background: Routine repeat cranial CT (RHCT) is standard of care for CT-verified traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite mixed evidence, those with mild TBI are subject to radiation and expense from serial CT scans. Thus, we investigated the necessity and utility of RHCT for patients with mild TBI.

Profiles of Lamina Propria T Helper Cell Subsets Discriminate Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Background: Distinction between 2 forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), can be challenging. Aberrant mucosal immunity suggests that CD is a T helper type 1 cell (Th1)-driven disease, whereas UC as Th2-driven response. However, whether this paradigm truly distinguishes CD from UC is controversial.

The creation of a measurable contusion injury in skeletal muscle.

The effect that compressed air massage (CAM) has on skeletal muscle has been ascertained by the morphological and morphometric evaluation of healthy vervet monkey and rabbit skeletal muscle. How CAM may influence the process of healing following a contusion injury is not known. To determine how CAM or other physiotherapeutic modalities may influence healing, it is necessary to create a minor injury that is both reproducible and quantifiable at the termination of a pre-determined healing period.

Physiotherapy rehabilitation in the context of HIV and disability in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had undergone a physiotherapy-led rehabilitation programme, with the aim of informing and improving future rehabilitation.

Methods: The study population included patients living with HIV who were referred for physiotherapy rehabilitation at a public-funded KwaZulu-Natal hospital. Eight participants were considered for final analysis in the study.

Strategies for successful academic writing - institutional and non-institutional support for students.

Background: Students develop better academic writing skills as they progress through their higher education programme, but despite recent continuing monitoring of student satisfaction with their education in UK, there has been relatively little research into students' perceptions of the active support that they need and receive to succeed as academic writers.

Aim Of The Study: To examine the strategies that university students on health or social care courses utilise to develop as writers in the face of many pressures and demands from different sources.

Research Method Used: Qualitative research conducted at a British University into undergraduates' writing practices in the field of healthcare.

Activity-based exposure comparisons among humans and nonclinical safety testing species in an extensively metabolized drug candidate.

1. Extensive metabolism of a drug candidate can complicate the interpretation of comparative safety and efficacy data from humans and preclinical species. 2.

Regiospecific and stereospecific triangulation of the structures of metabolites formed by sequential metabolism at multiple prochiral centers.

Structures of in vivo secondary metabolites of a norbornane-containing drug candidate with multiple prochiral centers were triangulated, in a regio- and stereospecific fashion, using in vitro metabolism data from synthetic primary metabolites and in vivo metabolism data from the separate administration of a radiolabeled primary metabolite, [(14)C]-(S)-2-((1R,2S,4R,5S)-5-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylamino)-5-isopropyl-5-methylthiazol-4(5H)-one (M1).

Socioeconomic factors may contribute to neoadjuvant chemotherapy use in metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE.: To identify patient characteristics which predict receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) versus standard therapy (ST) in metastatic ovarian cancer. METHODS.

Simultaneous detection of antibodies to six nonhuman-primate viruses by multiplex microbead immunoassay.

To maintain healthy nonhuman primates for use in biomedical research, animals are routinely screened for several infectious agents at most facilities. Commonly, monkey serum samples are tested by conventional immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or Western blotting, for antibodies to specific infectious agents. For testing for antibodies against multiple agents in each sample, conventional immunoassays are laborious and time-consuming.

Learning needs of patients with congestive heart failure.

Background: It is suggested that more effective and efficient educational intervention can be created by matching the program to patient learning needs. Previous attempts to determine the learning needs of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) find all types of information endorsed as very important to learn.

Objectives: To increase differentiation between patients' ratings of information needs by modifying the CHF Patient Learning Needs Inventory (CHFPLNI) and examined predictors of learning needs.

Systematic review of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal malignancy.

Background: We set out to evaluate the current literature on the use of laparoscopic surgery for malignant colorectal disease and identify its place in current practice.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature that included papers published from January 1991 to March 1997. Inclusion criteria were used to select the most robust studies.

A multicentre, open, non-comparative phase II study of a combination of fludarabine phosphate, cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and de novo refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete remission (CR) rate achieved with the FLAG (fludarabine phosphate, cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or de novo refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t). Secondary objectives were to evaluate survival and toxicity. Induction treatment consisted of between one and two courses of FLAG.

Locality commissioning: how much influence have general practitioners really had?

This paper investigates the various models of locality commissioning in relation to the participation of general practitioners (GPs), and explores the perceived successes of locality commissioning in the 15 health boards in Scotland and 13 health authorities in the Northern and Yorkshire Region of England. A postal questionnaire was sent to 190 individuals involved in commissioning, and semi-structured interviews with GPs (n = 31) and health authority managers (n = 41) were undertaken in each of the 28 health authorities. Seventy-five per cent of the health authorities had introduced some form of locality commissioning.