Nitrates in drinking water and methemoglobin levels in pregnancy: a longitudinal study.

Background: Private water systems are more likely to have nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant level (MCL). Pregnant women are considered vulnerable to the effects of exposure to high levels of nitrates in drinking water due to their altered physiological states. The level of methemoglobin in the blood is the biomarker often used in research for assessing exposure to nitrates.

A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes.

In this review, we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and discuss nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems.

A review of nitrates in drinking water: maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes.

In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems.

Hazardous substances events associated with the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products.

This report describes events involving the acute release of hazardous substances reported to the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system for 1993-2000. HSEES, maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), collects data on the industries/services associated with events. This analysis focuses on fixed-facility events that occurred during the manufacturing of chemicals and allied products (i.

Counterterrorism planning using the Hazardous Substances Events Surveillance system.

The Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system was developed in 1990 and is maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, a public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. HSEES data can be used for hazard vulnerability assessments. Baseline patterns of hazardous substance releases can be used by local emergency planning committees to (1) identify substances that cause serious injuries, (2) improve monitoring and control of access, and (3) assess the preparedness of responding agencies.