Response of Central Nervous System Biomolecules and Systemic Biomarkers to Aerobic Exercise Following Concussion: A Scoping Review of Human and Animal Research.

The purpose of this study was to identify the response of biomolecules and biomarkers that are associated with the central nervous system to aerobic exercise in human and pre-clinical models of concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to highlight the knowledge gaps in the literature. A systematic scoping review was conducted following a search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, and Cochrane Libraries performed on September 8, 2023 (from data base inception). The scoping review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews.

Inflammatory pathway communication with skeletal muscle-Does aging play a role? A topical review of the current evidence.

Skeletal muscle plays an integral role in locomotion, but also as part of the integrative physiological system. Recent progress has identified crosstalk between skeletal muscle and various physiological systems, including the immune system. Both the musculoskeletal and immune systems are impacted by aging.

Identifying the Cerebral Physiologic Response to Aerobic Exercise Following Concussion: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the cerebral physiologic response to aerobic exercise in individuals with a symptomatic concussion, highlighting available knowledge and knowledge gaps in the literature.

Design: A systematic scoping review was conducted and reported in keeping with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. A search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, and Cochrane libraries was conducted on June 15, 2023 (from database inception).

Efficacy of aerobic exercise following concussion: a narrative review.

Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury which results in symptoms within the physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep domains. Historically, guidelines established by expert opinion have recommended rest during the initial stages of recovery following a concussion until symptom resolution. However, recent recommendations have shifted to advise an initial period of 24-48 h of rest immediately following concussion with the gradual introduction of light-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise thereafter.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease which results in degeneration of cartilage within joints and affects approximately 13.6% of adults over 20 years of age in Canada and the United States of America. OA is characterized by a state of low-grade inflammation which leads to a greater state of cellular catabolism disrupting the homeostasis of cartilage synthesis and degradation.

The Quantitative Associations Between Near Infrared Spectroscopic Cerebrovascular Metrics and Cerebral Blood Flow: A Scoping Review of the Human and Animal Literature.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important physiologic parameter that is vital for proper cerebral function and recovery. Current widely accepted methods of measuring CBF are cumbersome, invasive, or have poor spatial or temporal resolution. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures of cerebrovascular physiology may provide a means of non-invasively, topographically, and continuously measuring CBF.

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y).

Non-Invasive and Minimally-Invasive Cerebral Autoregulation Assessment: A Narrative Review of Techniques and Implications for Clinical Research.

The process of cerebral vessels regulating constant cerebral blood flow over a wide range of systemic arterial pressures is termed cerebral autoregulation (CA). Static and dynamic autoregulation are two types of CA measurement techniques, with the main difference between these measures relating to the time scale used. Static autoregulation looks at the long-term change in blood pressures, while dynamic autoregulation looks at the immediate change.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Catabolic Effects of Creatine Supplementation: A Brief Review.

It is well established that creatine supplementation, primarily when combined with resistance training, significantly increases measures of muscle mass and performance (primarily strength). Emerging research also indicates that creatine supplementation may have favorable effects on measures of bone biology. These anabolic adaptations may be related to creatine influencing cellular hydration status, high-energy phosphate metabolism, growth factors, muscle protein kinetics, and the bone remodeling process.

Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Brain Function and Health.

While the vast majority of research involving creatine supplementation has focused on skeletal muscle, there is a small body of accumulating research that has focused on creatine and the brain. Preliminary studies indicate that creatine supplementation (and guanidinoacetic acid; GAA) has the ability to increase brain creatine content in humans. Furthermore, creatine has shown some promise for attenuating symptoms of concussion, mild traumatic brain injury and depression but its effect on neurodegenerative diseases appears to be lacking.

The Effects of Acute Anaerobic Exercise on the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Response to the Cold Pressor Test in Healthy Adult Males.

Little is known about the physiological response to the cold pressor test (CPT) when in a clinically-induced state of autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance, despite its utility in various disease- and injury-states. To date, research in this area is limited to acute aerobic and isometric exercise, with a paucity of research investigating the effects of anaerobic exercise on the physiological response to the CPT. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess the effects of the Wingate anaerobic cycle test (WAT) on cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic recovery following the CPT in a group of healthy adult males.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo After Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion.

Objective: Report the clinical findings and outcomes among pediatric patients diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after sports-related concussion (SRC).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program.

Three-Year Longitudinal Fitness Tracking in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players.

Cordingley, DM, Sirant, L, MacDonald, PB, and Leiter, JR. Three-year longitudinal fitness tracking in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2909-2912, 2019-The purpose of this retrospective review was to report the physical and physiological development of top-level competitive male youth hockey players for 3 consecutive years (13, 14, and 15 years of age).

Early Subthreshold Aerobic Exercise for Sport-Related Concussion: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a significant public health problem without an effective treatment.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise vs a placebo-like stretching program prescribed to adolescents in the acute phase of recovery from SRC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at university concussion centers.

Physical fitness of medical residents: Is the health of surgical residents at risk?

Background: Postgraduate medical residency programs are laborious and timeintensive, and can be physically, intellectually and emotionally demanding. These working conditions may lead to the neglect of personal health and well-being. The objective of this study was to compare the anthropometric and fitness characteristics of surgical and nonsurgical medical residents.

Evaluation of a Medically Supervised Concussion Protocol for Youth Hockey in Canada.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of a standardized medically supervised concussion protocol established between a city-wide AAA hockey league and a multi-disciplinary concussion program.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of injury surveillance, clinical and healthcare utilization data from all athletes evaluated and managed through the Winnipeg AAA Hockey concussion protocol during the 2016-2017 season. We also conducted post-season email surveys of head coaches and parents responsible for athletes who competed in the same season.

Development of Anaerobic Fitness in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players.

Leiter, JR, Cordingley, DM, and MacDonald, PB. Development of anaerobic fitness in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2612-2615, 2018-Ice hockey is a physiologically complex sport involving both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems.

Graded Aerobic Treadmill Testing in Adolescent Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Purpose: To examine the safety and tolerability of clinical graded aerobic treadmill testing in recovering adolescent moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program.

Methods: We completed a retrospective case series of two moderate and five severe TBI patients (mean age, 17.3 years) who underwent initial Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Testing at a mean time of 71.

Clinical predictors of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion.

OBJECTIVE There were 2 objectives of this study. The first objective was to identify clinical variables associated with vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) detected at initial consultation among pediatric patients with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS). The second objective was to reexamine the prevalence of VOD in this clinical cohort and evaluate the effect of VOD on length of recovery and the development of PCS.

Aerobic Development of Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players.

Ice hockey is a physiologically complex sport requiring aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. College and professional teams often test aerobic fitness; however, there is a paucity of information regarding aerobic fitness of elite youth players. Without this knowledge, training of youth athletes to meet the standards of older age groups and higher levels of hockey may be random, inefficient, and or effective.