Incidentally Discovered Tc-MDP Uptake on Bone Scan in Otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis is a poorly understood clinical entity causing progressive conductive hearing loss. Here we present the first known evidence of otosclerosis demonstrating 99mTc-MDP uptake on bone scan. This presents an opportunity to explore the role of nuclear medicine imaging in early detection, staging, and even informing treatment and prognosis of this condition.

Extreme plasticity of reproductive state in a female rodent.

Successful sexual reproduction relies on the coordination of multiple biological systems, yet traditional concepts of biological sex often ignore the natural plasticity in morphology and physiology underlying sex. Most female mammals develop a patent (i.e.

Use of Fluconazole-impregnated Beads to Treat Osteomyelitis Caused by in a Pigtailed Macaque ().

A 3-y-old male pigtailed macaque () presented for swelling of the left distal forearm and decreased use of the arm. The monkey had been raised at an indoor-outdoor facility in Arizona and transferred to an indoor facility in Washington 2 mo prior to presentation. A preliminary diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis of the radius was made based on radiographs and titers.

Hematologic and Biochemical Reference Intervals and Urinary Test Results for Wild-caught Adult Southern Giant Pouched Rats ().

Southern giant pouched rats () are muroid rodents native to subSaharan Africa. They are increasingly used as service animals because of their keen sense of smell and are primarily known for clearing minefields in Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine hematologic and biochemical reference intervals from clinically healthy wild-caught captive adult rats, to describe the cytochemical staining reactions of peripheral blood leukocytes, and to document urinalysis findings.

Radiological Findings on Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments stemming from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Although case studies have demonstrated striking visible brain abnormalities in humans (enlargement of the lateral ventricles, thinning or absence of the corpus callosum, etc.), few studies have systematically determined how these radiological findings generalize to the wider population of individuals living with FASD.

Chew on This: Emergency Imaging of the Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands-What the Clinician Really Needs to Know.

Nontraumatic emergencies of the oral cavity, sublingual and submandibular spaces, and salivary glands are common and those requiring imaging will most often be infectious in nature. However, noninfectious pathologies such as sialolithiasis, autoimmune sialoadenitis, and soft tissue swelling due to angioedema or hemorrhage are also important conditions that radiologists must be familiar with in order to inform the clinician of critical imaging findings that can have a profound impact on patient outcomes. To understand these pathologies, familiarity with the anatomy of these spaces is essential.

Full Activation Profiles and Integrity of Corticospinal Pathways in Adults With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Dysfunction of corticospinal pathways has been implicated in motor impairments in people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). While structural damage to corticospinal pathways in people with CP is known, its impact on the activation of these pathways is not.

Objective: To provide the first, complete activation profile of corticospinal pathways in adults with CP using a full range of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) intensities and voluntary contractions.

High-Resolution Isotropic Three-Dimensional MR Imaging of the Extraforaminal Segments of the Cranial Nerves.

High-resolution isotropic 3-dimensional (D) MR imaging with and without contrast is now routinely used for imaging evaluation of cranial nerve anatomy and pathologic conditions. The anatomic details of the extraforaminal segments are well-visualized on these techniques. A wide range of pathologic entities may cause enhancement or displacement of the nerve, which is now visible to an extent not available on standard 2D imaging.

Preliminary validation of the Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System (KIMRISS) for grading bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: Bone marrow lesions (BML) are an MRI feature of osteoarthritis (OA) offering a potential target for therapy. We developed the Knee Inflammation MRI Scoring System (KIMRISS) to semiquantitatively score BML with high sensitivity to small changes, and compared feasibility, reliability and responsiveness versus the established MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS).

Methods: KIMRISS incorporates a web-based graphic overlay to facilitate detailed regional BML scoring.

Metabolic tumour volume as a prognostic factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary surgery.

Background: Metabolic tumour volume (MTV) obtained from pre-treatment 18 F-fluorodeoxydeglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) has been validated as an independent predictive factor of outcomes in head and neck cancer patients (HNC) treated with primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However its role in patients treated with primary surgery has not yet been studied.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of MTV in patients treated with primary surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Personality traits as a potential predictor of willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.

Objective: To establish an association between patient personality traits and potential willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.

Materials And Methods: One hundred adolescent individuals aged 12-16 years completed an anonymous electronic questionnaire via Survey Monkey. The 24-item questionnaire contained three major sections: patient demographics, a modified Big Five Inventory (BFI)-10 personality index, and a willingness to undergo treatment assessment.

Effects of cardiac motion on 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid arteries.

Purpose: To determine the effect of cardiac-related carotid artery motion on the image quality of 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CEMRA) in patients presenting with suspected carotid artery disease.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with suspected carotid artery disease underwent cardiac-gated cinematic steady-state free precession of the carotid arteries followed by standard 3D CEMRA at 1.5 T.

Cage-change interval preference in mice.

Before animal research facilities began using individually ventilated cage (IVC) systems for mice, cages were often changed one or more times per week. When using IVC systems, however, it is standard practice to change cages only once every 2-3 weeks. When deciding how often to change cages, personnel may consider the cost of labor needed to change the cage, as well as the cage type and bedding type, rather than animal preference or concern for animal well-being.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the excitability of the leg motor cortex.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human motor cortex at an intensity of 1 mA has been shown to be efficacious in increasing (via anodal tDCS) or decreasing (via cathodal tDCS) the excitability of corticospinal projections to muscles of the hand. In this study, we examined whether tDCS at currents of 2 mA could effect similar changes in the excitability of deeper cortical structures that innervate muscles of the lower leg. Similar to the hand area, 10 min of stimulation with the anode over the leg area of the motor cortex increased the excitability of corticospinal tract projections to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, as reflected by an increase in the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation.