The Influence of Body Composition on Bone Health in Long-term Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood and Adolescence: Analyses by Dual-energy Radiograph Absorptiometry and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography.

Background: The normal interrelationship of body composition with bone health is less clear in the context of disease. Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibit sarcopenic obesity and osteopenia. The impact of body composition on bone health in such survivors was examined.

Bone health in long-term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. An assessment by peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Background: Loss of bone mineral is a common concomitant of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due mainly to chemotherapy, especially with corticosteroids. Osteopenia/osteoporosis may be encountered long into survivorship. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is limited to two-dimensionality and cannot distinguish trabecular from cortical bone.

Measuring apparent trabecular structure with pQCT: a comparison with HR-pQCT.

We evaluated how comparable peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of cortical thickness, density, and apparent trabecular structure at the ultradistal tibia were with those measured with high-resolution pQCT (HR-pQCT). We also examined whether the accuracy of the pQCT-based trabecular and cortical measurements improved with reductions in slice thickness from the standard 2.2mm to 1.

Changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes: a two year longitudinal study.

Background: The risk of experiencing an osteoporotic fracture is greater for adults with type 2 diabetes despite higher than normal bone mineral density (BMD). In addition to BMD, trabecular bone microarchitecture contributes to bone strength, but is not assessed using conventional BMD measurement by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of this study was to compare two year changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture in women with and without type 2 diabetes.

Association of larger holes in the trabecular bone at the distal radius in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls.

Objective: Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have an elevated fracture risk despite normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD). The study objective was to compare trabecular bone microarchitecture of postmenopausal women with type 2 DM and women without type 2 DM.

Methods: An extremity 1T magnetic resonance imaging system was used to acquire axial images (195 × 195 × 1,000 μm(3) voxel size) of the distal radius of women recruited from outpatient clinics or by community advertisement.

Longitudinal changes in intermuscular fat volume and quadriceps muscle volume in the thighs of women with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To quantify rates of change in quadriceps muscle (QM) and intermuscular fat (IMF) volumes over 2 years in women in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) study and examine group differences between those with radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) and those without ROA.

Methods: The OAI database was queried for women ≥50 years of age in the incident and progression cohorts with and without ROA at baseline. Midthigh magnetic resonance imaging scans (15 contiguous slices, 5 mm slice thickness) of eligible women were randomly selected and anonymized.

Multiplanar reconstruction recovers morphological cartilage assessment reproducibility from maloriented coronal MRI scans.

The study's purpose was to assess the effect of multiplanar reconstruction on precision of weight-bearing medial and lateral femoral cartilage (cMF, cLF) morphometry in maloriented coronal MR images. Twenty knees were scanned four times with a 1.0 Tesla extremity imager using a fat-suppressed T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence; twice with "best as" double bull's-eye orientation of the femoral condyles, and once each with 5° internal and external rotation.

Analysis of the subchondral microarchitecture of the distopalmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone in racing Thoroughbreds.

Objective: To determine the anisotropic characteristics of the microarchitecture of the subchondral bone (SCB) plate and trabecular bone (TBB) of the distopalmar aspect of the metacarpal condyles in horses with different stages of SCB disease.

Sample Population: 12 third metacarpal bone pairs from racing Thoroughbreds euthanized for diverse reasons.

Procedures: Both metacarpi were collected from horses with SCB changes that were mild (sclerosis and focal radiolucencies; n=6) or severe (multifocal radiolucencies and articular surface defects; 6).

Comparison of pQCT-based measures of radial bone geometry and apparent trabecular bone structure using manufacturer and in-house-developed algorithms.

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provides noninvasive densitometric and morphometric measures of total, trabecular, and cortical bone compartments. Skeletal changes over time can be determined by repeated measurements. Image thickness of 2.