Publications by authors named "Dean Hosgood"
Article Synopsis
- * Results showed that a higher PRS was more strongly related to EGFR-positive LUAD cases (OR=8.63) than to EGFR-negative cases (OR=3.50), indicating a significant association based on mutation status.
- * These findings imply that genetic susceptibility to LUAD differs in never-smoking East Asian women depending on whether the cancer has specific mutations, which could affect public health strategies and clinical practices.*
Article Synopsis
- * The newly developed multi-ancestry PRS showed a strong correlation with LUAD risk, indicating that individuals in the highest PRS percentile had significantly increased risk compared to those in the lowest.
- * Findings suggest that those in the highest risk category have a lifetime risk of about 6.69%, and they reach the average population's 10-year risk for LUAD by age 41, highlighting the importance of multi-ancestry PRS for better risk assessment in this group.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between asbestos exposure and pleural mesothelioma in Norwegian male offshore petroleum workers, finding 43 cases among 25,347 participants.
- Using expert job-exposure matrices, the research indicates that increased asbestos exposure correlates with a higher risk of developing the cancer, particularly for those with prior exposure before offshore work.
- No significant association was found between refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) and pleural mesothelioma, reinforcing the focus on asbestos as a key risk factor.
Purpose: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with childhood cancer receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pediatric hematology/oncology and transplant (PHOT) providers must counsel their patients on the safety of public activities and weigh the risk of infection exposure with the social and developmental benefits of in-person school and social outings. We hypothesize that there is significant variability in recommendations given by PHOT providers.
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- Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition linked to androgen levels, while polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) also involves high androgens, with past studies showing a connection between the two conditions.
- This study examined the relationship between HS and PCOS, considering socioeconomic status (SES) as a potential influencing factor that previous studies overlooked.
- Analysis of data from the All of Us database revealed that female HS patients had significantly higher rates of PCOS (8.8% vs. 4.3% in controls), with HS patients having a 1.34 to 2.17 times greater chance of having PCOS, even after adjusting for other medical conditions and SES
Article Synopsis
- Lung cancer affects a significant number of never smokers, with epigenetic factors like DNA methylation being explored as potential causes.
- A study was conducted involving 80 lung cancer cases and 83 controls to identify DNA methylation changes related to lung cancer, using oral rinse samples for analysis.
- Three DNA methylation positions were found to be significantly associated with lung cancer, hinting at new avenues for understanding the disease in never smokers, although more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Importance: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating follicular skin disorder in which bacterial colonization is typical. Oral antibiotic efficacy can be unreliable; however, selective intravenous antibiotics, specifically ertapenem, may provide favorable clinical outcomes.
Objective: To explore optimal course duration, efficacy, and patient satisfaction associated with intravenous ertapenem for HS.
Objective: The objective of our study was to examine whether occupational exposure to benzene is associated with lung cancer among males in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort.
Methods: Among 25 347 male offshore workers employed during 1965-1998, we conducted a case-cohort study with 399 lung cancer cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2021, and 2035 non-cases sampled randomly by 5-year birth cohorts. Individual work histories were coupled to study-specific job-exposure matrices for benzene and other known lung carcinogens.
Hysterectomy is associated with an increased risk for adverse health outcomes. However, its connection to the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) remains unclear. The aims of our study were to investigate the associations between hysterectomy, oophorectomy and risk of NHL and its major subtypes (eg, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL]), and whether these associations were modified by exogenous hormone use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Limited data exist on the impact of immunotherapy use in ethnic minority patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), because they have been underrepresented in immunotherapy trials. This study aims to evaluate race/ethnicity and other demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors of patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line immunotherapy.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 5,920 patients diagnosed with lung cancer treated at Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center from January 1, 2013, to June 1, 2022, was used to identify patients with metastatic NSCLC without EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations who underwent first-line immunotherapy (n=248).
Introduction: Disparate engagement in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) may occur as early as the point of referral for certain subgroups, including Black and Hispanic men. We aimed to determine patient demographic and provider characteristics associated with referrals to a health system DPP in the Bronx, New York.
Methods: Patient and health system characteristics for DPP-eligible patients seen in primary care between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, were obtained through the electronic health record.
Background And Objective: The lung microbiome was previously thought to be a sterile environment where only gaseous exchange takes place, but recent studies have shown the presence of microbiota in the lung. This review investigates the current literature on the effects of an environmental driven dysbiosis on the healthy oral and respiratory microbiome and its relationship to lung cancer risk in never-smokers.
Methods: An online electronic search was performed on PubMed of all English-language literature using combinations of the following keywords: "lung cancer", "dysbiosis", "non-smokers", "oral microbiome", and "respiratory microbiome".
Urinary Amino-PAHs in relation to diesel engine emissions and urinary mutagenicity.
Int J Hyg Environ Health
August 2023
Diesel exhaust has long been of health concern due to established toxicity including carcinogenicity in humans. However, the precise components of diesel engine emissions that drive carcinogenesis are still unclear. Limited work has suggested that nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) such as 1-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluorene may be more abundant in diesel exhaust.
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- - Research indicates that higher levels of breaks in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNAfb) may increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), building on previous studies linking mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) to NHL risk.
- - This case-control study evaluated 107 NHL cases and 107 matched controls from a larger group of male smokers in Finland, using real-time PCR to measure mtDNAfb levels between January and September 2022.
- - Results showed a significant association: as mtDNAfb levels increased, the risk of developing NHL also increased in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the potential relevance of mtDNA breaks in cancer risk assessment.
Drivers of Differential Time to Diagnosis in Pediatric ALL Tied to Race and Ethnicity.
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol
October 2023
Article Synopsis
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children, showing symptoms like fever, fatigue, and bruising before diagnosis.
- A study of 274 pediatric patients revealed that those with Medicaid were diagnosed faster than those with private insurance, and language spoken affected diagnosis times with English speakers generally getting diagnosed sooner than Spanish speakers.
- The findings suggest that insurance status and language may influence diagnosis timing for pediatric ALL, highlighting the need for further research into these disparities.
Background: Occupational exposures constitute the second leading cause of urinary bladder cancer after tobacco smoking. Increased risks have been found in the petroleum industry, but high-quality exposure data are needed to explain these observations.
Methods: Using a prospective case-cohort design, we analysed 189 bladder cancer cases (1999-2017) and 2065 randomly drawn non-cases from the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers cohort.
Background: A lack of consensus exists regarding acute flare management in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Intramuscular triamcinolone (IMTAC) therapy is useful in numerous inflammatory conditions; however, it has not been investigated for acute HS flares.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and patient experience associated with IMTAC therapy for acute, severe HS flares.
Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from indoor combustion of solid fuel is a global health burden linked to lung cancer. In Xuanwei, China, lung cancer rate for nonsmoking women is among the highest in the world and largely attributed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are produced from combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal used for cooking and heating. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a DNA methylation-based biomarker of aging, has been shown to be highly correlated with biological processes underlying the susceptibility of age-related diseases.
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- Lung adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, and existing known genetic risk factors account for only a small portion of its heritability.
- A comprehensive genome-wide association study involving nearly 22,000 cases and over 150,000 controls identified 12 new genetic variants linked to the disease, raising the count to 28 variants across 25 distinct locations in the genome.
- The study emphasized that these genetic markers are particularly significant in East Asian populations, especially among never-smokers, and indicates that further research could inform better prevention and treatment strategies tailored to these populations.
Importance: Pathogenesis of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) is not completely understood. Pro-inflammatory cutaneous bacteria may contribute to cutaneous inflammation after radiation therapy.
Objective: To evaluate whether nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) before radiation therapy is associated with ARD severity in patients with breast or head and neck cancer.
Importance: Evidence-based approaches for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) are limited, and additional strategies are necessary to optimize care.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of bacterial decolonization (BD) to reduce ARD severity compared with standard of care.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 2019 to August 2021 with investigator blinding at an urban academic cancer center and enrolled patients with breast cancer or head and neck cancer receiving radiation therapy (RT) with curative intent.
Environmental exposures often produce reactive electrophiles in vivo, leading to oxidative stress, which plays a major role in carcinogenesis. These electrophiles frequently form adducts with human albumin, which can be measured to assess in vivo oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to examine the associations between circulatory albumin adducts and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common adult myeloid leukemia that showed consistent associations with environmental exposures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHousehold air pollution (HAP) from indoor combustion of solid fuel is a global health burden that has been linked to multiple diseases including lung cancer. In Xuanwei, China, lung cancer rate for non-smoking women is among the highest in the world and largely attributed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are produced from combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal. Alu retroelements, repetitive mobile DNA sequences that can somatically multiply and promote genomic instability have been associated with risk of lung cancer and diesel engine exhaust exposure.
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- Researchers developed a method to non-invasively detect lung cancer by analyzing microRNAs in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), identifying 24 specific microRNAs that are upregulated in cancerous tissues.
- A case-control study involving 166 lung cancer patients and 185 controls utilized this microRNA panel, with data analyzed using logistic regression and random-forest models to assess the effectiveness of the approach.
- Results indicated that specific exhaled microRNAs (miR-21, 33b, 212) can discriminate between cancer patients and controls, suggesting that this detection method could improve lung cancer risk assessment if further refined.