Acetylation of a fungal effector that translocates host PR1 facilitates virulence.

Pathogens utilize a panoply of effectors to manipulate plant defense. However, despite their importance, relatively little is actually known about regulation of these virulence factors. Here, we show that the effector -Secreted Virulence-related Protein1 (FolSvp1), secreted from fungal pathogen f.

BcMettl4-Mediated DNA Adenine N-Methylation Is Critical for Virulence of .

DNA adenine N-methylation (6mA) plays a critical role in various biological functions, but its occurrence and functions in filamentous plant pathogens are largely unexplored. is an important pathogenic fungus worldwide. A systematic analysis of 6mA in was performed in this study, revealing that 6mA is widely distributed in the genome of this fungus.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of the Acetylation of ER-Resident Molecular Chaperones for Conidiation in Fusarium oxysporum.

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most abundant and diverse fungal species found in soils and includes nonpathogenic, endophytic, and pathogenic strains affecting a broad range of plant and animal hosts. Conidiation is the major mode of reproduction in many filamentous fungi, but the regulation of this process is largely unknown. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread posttranslational modification implicated in regulation of multiple metabolic processes.

A synthetic 'essentialome' for axenic culturing of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Objective: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) is associated with the devastating citrus 'greening' disease. All attempts to achieve axenic growth and complete Koch's postulates with CLas have failed to date, at best yielding complex cocultures with very low CLas titers detectable only by PCR. Reductive genome evolution has rendered all pathogenic 'Ca.

' Liberibacter asiaticus'-Encoded BCP Peroxiredoxin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Defense Signaling and Nitrosative Stress In Planta.

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria trigger a nitrosative and oxidative burst in both animals and plants during pathogen invasion. strain BT-1 is a surrogate for functional genomic studies of the uncultured pathogenic ' Liberibacter' spp. that are associated with severe diseases such as citrus greening and potato zebra chip.

Structure of Lipopolysaccharide from Is Low Molecular Weight and Offers Insight into Liberibacter Biology.

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, also known as citrus greening disease, was first reported in the US in 2005. Since then, the disease has decimated the citrus industry in Florida, resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses and the destruction of thousands of acres of citrus groves. The causative agent of citrus greening disease is the phloem limited pathogen Liberibacter asiaticus.

Tad pilus-mediated twitching motility is essential for DNA uptake and survival of Liberibacters.

Axenically cultured Liberibacter crescens (Lcr) is a closely related surrogate for uncultured plant pathogenic species of the genus Liberibacter, including 'Candidatus L. asiaticus' (CLas) and 'Ca. L.

Secretome-Wide Analysis of Lysine Acetylation in f. sp. Provides Novel Insights Into Infection-Related Proteins.

f. sp. (Fol) is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato.

Growth Dynamics and Survival of BT-1, an Important Model Organism for the Citrus Huanglongbing Pathogen " Liberibacter asiaticus".

is the only cultured member of its genus, which includes the devastating plant pathogen " Liberibacter asiaticus," associated with citrus greening/Huanglongbing (HLB). has a larger genome and greater metabolic flexibility than " Liberibacter asiaticus" and the other uncultured plant-pathogenic species, and it is currently the best model organism available for these pathogens. grows slowly and dies rapidly under current culture protocols and this extreme fastidiousness makes it challenging to study.

Progress and Obstacles in Culturing ' Liberibacter asiaticus', the Bacterium Associated with Huanglongbing.

In recent decades, ' Liberibacter spp.' have emerged as a versatile group of psyllid-vectored plant pathogens and endophytes capable of infecting a wide range of economically important plant hosts. The most notable example is ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) associated with Huanglongbing (HLB) in several major citrus-producing areas of the world.

Liberibacter crescens biofilm formation in vitro: establishment of a model system for pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.'.

The Liberibacter genus comprises insect endosymbiont bacterial species that cause destructive plant diseases, including Huanglongbing in citrus and zebra chip in potato. To date, pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.' (CLs) remain uncultured, therefore the plant-associated Liberibacter crescens (Lcr), only cultured species of the genus, has been used as a biological model for in vitro studies.

'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' peroxiredoxin (LasBCP) suppresses oxylipin-mediated defense signaling in citrus.

The Lasbcp (CLIBASIA_RS00445) 1-Cys peroxiredoxin gene is conserved among all 13 sequenced strains of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agent of Huanglongbing or "citrus greening" disease. LasBCP was previously characterized as a secreted peroxiredoxin with substrate specificity for organic peroxides, and as a potential pathogenicity effector. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of LasBCP in citrus leaves provided significant protection against peroxidation of free and membrane-bound lipids, thereby preserving the molecular integrity of the chlorophyll apparatus and reducing accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (oxylipins) following exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH, an organic peroxide).

A Secreted 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Peroxiredoxin Simultaneously Suppresses Both Localized and Systemic Innate Immune Responses In Planta.

The oxidative (HO) burst is a seminal feature of the basal plant defense response to attempted pathogen invasions. In 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' UF506, expression of the SC2 prophage-encoded secreted peroxidase (F489_gp15) increases bacterial fitness and delays symptom progression in citrus. Two chromosomal 1-Cys peroxiredoxin genes, CLIBASIA_RS00940 (Lasprx5) and CLIBASIA_RS00445 (Lasbcp), are conserved among all sequenced 'Ca.

Concomitant Loss of the Glyoxalase System and Glycolysis Makes the Uncultured Pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" an Energy Scavenger.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic, nonenzymatic by-product of glycolysis that readily glycates proteins and DNA, resulting in carbonyl stress. Glyoxalase I and II (GloA and GloB) sequentially convert MG into d-lactic acid using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. The glyoxalase system is essential for the mitigation of MG-induced carbonyl stress, preventing subsequent cell death, and recycling GSH for maintenance of cellular redox poise.

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Strains from Texas.

The complete genome sequences of three strains isolated from lime trees in Texas were found to belong to the A group. All carried nearly identical large plasmids with similarity to those of a citrus canker strain from India and to xanthomonads from Africa and Colombia. All three strains harbored unusual homologs.

A Small Protein Directly Represses Phage Lytic Cycle Genes in " Liberibacter asiaticus" within Psyllids.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe disease of citrus caused by an uncultured alphaproteobacterium " Liberibacter asiaticus" and transmitted by Asian citrus psyllids (). Two prophage genomes, SC1 and SC2, integrated in ". Liberibacter asiaticus" strain UF506 were described previously, and very similar prophages are found resident in the majority of ".

Prophage-Encoded Peroxidase in 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Is a Secreted Effector That Suppresses Plant Defenses.

'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' is transmitted by psyllids and causes huanglongbing (HLB), a lethal disease of citrus. Most pathogenic 'Ca. L.

Three New Pierce's Disease Pathogenicity Effectors Identified Using Xylella fastidiosa Biocontrol Strain EB92-1.

Xylella fastidiosa (X. fastidiosa) infects a wide range of plant hosts and causes economically serious diseases, including Pierce's Disease (PD) of grapevines. X.

Surface polysaccharides and quorum sensing are involved in the attachment and survival of Xanthomonas albilineans on sugarcane leaves.

Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald, is a bacterial plant pathogen that is mainly spread by infected cuttings and contaminated harvesting tools. However, some strains of this pathogen are known to be spread by aerial means and are able to colonize the phyllosphere of sugarcane before entering the host plant and causing disease. The objective of this study was to identify the molecular factors involved in the survival or growth of X.

"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" prophage late genes may limit host range and culturability.

"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" is an uncultured alphaproteobacterium that systemically colonizes its insect host both inter- and intracellularly and also causes a severe, crop-destroying disease of citrus called huanglongbing, or citrus "greening." In planta, "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" is also systemic but phloem limited.

The complete genome sequence of 'Candidatus Liberibacter americanus', associated with Citrus huanglongbing.

Liberibacter spp. form a Rhizobiaceae clade of phloem-limited pathogens of limited host range. Two obligately parasitic species have been sequenced: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', which causes citrus huanglongbing (HLB) worldwide, and 'Ca.

Xanthomonas albilineans OmpA1 appears to be functionally modular and both the OMC and C-like domains are necessary for leaf scald disease of sugarcane.

Several EZ-Tn5 insertions in gene locus XALc_0557 (OmpA1) of the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen Xanthomonas albilineans XaFL07-1 were previously found to strongly affect pathogenicity and endophytic stalk colonization. XALc_0557 has a predicted OmpA N-terminal outer membrane channel (OMC) domain and an OmpA C-like domain. Further analysis of mutant M468, with an EZ-Tn5 insertion in the upstream OMC domain coding region, revealed impaired epiphytic and endophytic leaf survival, impaired resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), structural defects in the outer membrane (OM), and hyperproduction of OM vesicles.

The RpfCG two-component system negatively regulates the colonization of sugar cane stalks by Xanthomonas albilineans.

The genome of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugar cane leaf scald, carries a gene cluster encoding a predicted quorum sensing system that is highly related to the diffusible signalling factor (DSF) systems of the plant pathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas campestris. In these latter pathogens, a cluster of regulation of pathogenicity factors (rpf) genes encodes the DSF system and is involved in control of various cellular processes. Mutation of Xanthomonas albilineans rpfF, encoding a predicted DSF synthase, in Florida strain XaFL07-1 resulted in a small reduction of disease severity (DS).

Genomic insights into strategies used by Xanthomonas albilineans with its reduced artillery to spread within sugarcane xylem vessels.

Background: Xanthomonas albilineans causes leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. X. albilineans exhibits distinctive pathogenic mechanisms, ecology and taxonomy compared to other species of Xanthomonas.

Heat treatment eliminates 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' from infected citrus trees under controlled conditions.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The three known causal agents of HLB are species of α-proteobacteria: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L.