The Effect of Virtual Reality Application on Pain and Anxiety During Episiotomy Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction And Hypothesis: There is a rising trend among women towards nonpharmacological approaches owing to their minimally invasive nature and limited adverse effects. Virtual reality (VR) has recently gained popularity as a new technology for reducing pain and anxiety in medical settings. Our research sought to investigate the impact of VR on pain and anxiety levels while undergoing episiotomy repair.

Formation of vesicovaginal fistula after modified McDonald cerclage placement: a case report with literature review.

Cervical cerclage is a common procedure employed to prevent preterm birth in women with cervical insufficiency. Complications such as injuries to the cervix and bladder, and premature membrane rupture are well-documented, while genitourinary fistulas are a rare occurrence. This article reports a rare case of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) formation in a 27-year-old woman following the placement of a McDonald cervical cerclage.