Breaking good? Young people's mechanisms of resilience, resistance and control.

The conventional understanding of resilience often portrays it as a positive outcome emerging from adverse situations. This perspective frequently shapes interventions aimed at bolstering resilience among individuals considered to be in need. Drawing upon data from a European study, this paper contends that young people's apparent 'latent rejection' of favourable opportunities, or their deliberate choice to remain in precarious situations despite having some agency, should be recontextualised as unconventional but valid expressions of resilience.

Prophylactic dressings for preventing sacral pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: A randomised feasibility trial.

Background: Prophylactic dressings are used to prevent sacral pressure injuries (PIs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Bedside clinicians are responsible for selecting these dressings despite the lack of comparative evidence.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of undertaking a larger multisite comparative effectiveness trial of two prophylactic sacral dressings in adult ICU patients.

Support for the Time-Varying Drift Rate Model of Perceptual Discrimination in Dynamic and Static Noise Using Bayesian Model-Fitting Methodology.

The drift-diffusion model (DDM) is a common approach to understanding human decision making. It considers decision making as accumulation of evidence about visual stimuli until sufficient evidence is reached to make a decision (decision boundary). Recently, Smith and colleagues proposed an extension of DDM, the time-varying DDM (TV-DDM).

Neuroanatomical dimensions in medication-free individuals with major depressive disorder and treatment response to SSRI antidepressant medications or placebo.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with widespread subtle neuroanatomical correlates. Our objective was to identify the neuroanatomical dimensions that characterize MDD and predict treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants or placebo. In the COORDINATE-MDD consortium, raw MRI data were shared from international samples ( = 1,384) of medication-free individuals with first-episode and recurrent MDD ( = 685) in a current depressive episode of at least moderate severity, but not treatment-resistant depression, as well as healthy controls ( = 699).

Prophylactic dressings to prevent sacral pressure injuries in adult patients admitted to intensive care units: A three-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pressure injuries in intensive care patients are a safety issue. Specialized foam sacral prophylactic dressings prevent pressure injuries with several products available for clinicians to choose from.

Objectives: Assess the feasibility of conducting a multisite trial to test the effectiveness of two dressings versus usual care in preventing sacral pressure injuries in intensive care patients.

The effect of pressure injury prevention care bundles on pressure injuries in hospital patients: A complex intervention systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous interventions for pressure injury prevention have been developed, including care bundles.

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of pressure injury prevention care bundles on pressure injury prevalence, incidence, and hospital-acquired pressure injury rate in hospitalised patients.

Data Sources: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (via PubMed), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and two registries were searched (from 2009 to September 2023).

Flight muscle size reductions and functional changes following long-distance flight under variable humidity conditions in a migratory warbler.

Bird flight muscle can lose as much as 20% of its mass during a migratory flight due to protein catabolism, and catabolism can be further exacerbated under dehydrating conditions. However, the functional consequences of exercise and environment induced protein catabolism on muscle has not been examined. We hypothesized that prolonged flight would cause a decline in muscle mass, aerobic capacity, and contractile performance.

Improving EMS response times for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in urban areas using drone-like vertical take-off and landing air ambulances: An international, simulation-based cohort study.

Background: Advances in vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) technologies may enable drone-like crewed air ambulances to rapidly respond to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in urban areas. We estimated the impact of incorporating VTOL air ambulances on OHCA response intervals in two large urban centres in France and Canada.

Methods: We included adult OHCAs occurring between Jan.

Variations in sacral sub-epidermal moisture measurements in hospitalized medical and surgical patients: A longitudinal observational sub-study.

Background: Pressure injury risk assessment tools have several well-known limitations. As a result, new methods of assessing risk are emerging, including the use of sub-epidermal moisture measurement to detect localized edema.

Aims: To assess the daily variation in sacral sub-epidermal moisture measurement over five days and establish if age and prophylactic sacral dressing use influenced these measurements.

Medical and surgical nurses' approach to patient pressure injury prevention education: An integrative review.

Aims: Identify and synthesise the published literature on the approaches and practices nurses use during the delivery of pressure injury prevention (PIP) education to hospitalised medical and surgical patients.

Design: An integrated review.

Methods: Whitmore and Knaff's (2005) five-stage methodology guided this review: (1) research problem identification; (2) literature search; (3) data evaluation; (4) data analysis; and (5) results.

A leaky umbrella has little value: evidence clearly indicates the serotonin system is implicated in depression.

A recent “umbrella” review examined various biomarkers relating to the serotonin system, and concluded there was no consistent evidence implicating serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression. We present reasons for why this conclusion is overstated, including methodological weaknesses in the review process, selective reporting of data, over-simplification, and errors in the interpretation of neuropsychopharmacological findings. We use the examples of tryptophan depletion and serotonergic molecular imaging, the two research areas most relevant to the investigation of serotonin, to illustrate this.

Fixed Allele Differences Associated With the Centromere Reveal Chromosome Morphology and Rearrangements in a Reptile (Varanus acanthurus BOULENGER).

Chromosome rearrangements are often implicated with genomic divergence and are proposed to be associated with species evolution. Rearrangements alter the genomic structure and interfere with homologous recombination by isolating a portion of the genome. Integration of multiplatform next-generation DNA sequencing technologies has enabled putative identification of chromosome rearrangements in many taxa; however, integrating these data sets with cytogenetics is still uncommon beyond model genetic organisms.

Variation along P2RX7 interacts with early traumas on severity of anxiety suggesting a role for neuroinflammation.

Emotional stress is a leading risk factor in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders possibly via immune activation. P2X7 receptors promote neuroinflammation, and research suggests a relationship between chromosome region 12q2431, in which the P2X7R gene is located, and development of mood disorders, however, few studies concentrate on its association with anxiety. Our aim was to investigate the effects of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood traumas and recent stressors on anxiety.

Widespread chromosomal rearrangements preceded genetic divergence in a monitor lizard, Varanus acanthurus (Varanidae).

Chromosomal rearrangements are often associated with local adaptation and speciation because they suppress recombination, and as a result, rearrangements have been implicated in disrupting gene flow. Although there is strong evidence to suggest that chromosome rearrangements are a factor in genetic isolation of divergent populations, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we applied an integrative cytogenetics and genomics approach testing whether chromosomal rearrangements are the initial process, or a consequence, of population divergence in the dwarf goanna, Varanus acanthurus.

AI-based dimensional neuroimaging system for characterizing heterogeneity in brain structure and function in major depressive disorder: COORDINATE-MDD consortium design and rationale.

Background: Efforts to develop neuroimaging-based biomarkers in major depressive disorder (MDD), at the individual level, have been limited to date. As diagnostic criteria are currently symptom-based, MDD is conceptualized as a disorder rather than a disease with a known etiology; further, neural measures are often confounded by medication status and heterogeneous symptom states.

Methods: We describe a consortium to quantify neuroanatomical and neurofunctional heterogeneity via the dimensions of novel multivariate coordinate system (COORDINATE-MDD).

Sex-linked markers in an Australian frog Platyplectrum ornatum (Limnodynastidae) with a small genome and homomorphic sex chromosomes.

Amphibians have highly diverse sex-determining modes leading to a notable interest in vertebrate sex determination and sex chromosome evolution. The identification of sex-determining systems in amphibians, however, is often difficult as a vast majority consist of homomorphic sex chromosomes making them hard to distinguish. In this study, we used Diversity Array Technology sequencing (DArTseq) to identify the sex-determining system in the ornate burrowing frog from Australia, Platyplectrum ornatum.

Association between location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, on-scene socioeconomic status, and accessibility to public automated defibrillators in two large metropolitan areas in Canada and France.

Aim: To compare walking access times to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) between area-level quintiles of socioeconomic status (SES) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases occurring in 2 major urban regions of Canada and France.

Methods: This was an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of adult, non-traumatic OHCA cases in the metropolitan Vancouver (Canada) and Rhône County (France) regions that occurred between 2014 and 2018. We calculated area-level SES for each case, using quintiles of country-specific scores (Q5 = most deprived).

Pediatric and adult Out-of-Hospital cardiac arrest incidence within and near public schools in British Columbia: Missed opportunities for Systematic AED deployment strategies.

Background: Systematic automated external defibrillator(AED) placement in schools may improve pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survival. To estimate their utility, we identified school-located pediatric and adult OHCAs to estimate the potential utilization of school-located AEDs. Further, we identified all OHCAs within an AED-retrievable distance of the school by walking, biking, and driving.

Incremental gains in response time with varying base location types for drone-delivered automated external defibrillators.

Introduction: Drone-delivered automated external defibrillators (AEDs) may reduce delays to defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). We sought to determine how integration of drones and selection of drone bases between emergency service stations (i.e.

Oxytocin enhances basolateral amygdala activation and functional connectivity while processing emotional faces: preliminary findings in autistic vs non-autistic women.

Oxytocin is hypothesized to promote social interactions by enhancing the salience of social stimuli. While previous neuroimaging studies have reported that oxytocin enhances amygdala activation to face stimuli in autistic men, effects in autistic women remain unclear. In this study, the influence of intranasal oxytocin on activation and functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala-the brain's 'salience detector'-while processing emotional faces vs shapes was tested in 16 autistic and 21 non-autistic women by functional magnetic resonance imaging in a placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over design.

Sex-specific splicing of Z- and W-borne alleles suggests sex determination is controlled by chromosome conformation.

has female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW), but the master sex-determining gene is unknown, as it is for all reptiles. We show that (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 5 Group A Member 1), a gene that is essential in mammalian sex determination, has alleles on the Z and W chromosomes (Z- and W-), which are both expressed and can recombine. Three transcript isoforms of Z- were detected in gonads of adult ZZ males, two of which encode a functional protein.

Utilization and cost-effectiveness of school and community center AED deployment models in Canadian cities.

Background: The optimal locations and cost-effectiveness of placing automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCAs) in urban residential neighbourhoods are unclear.

Methods: We used prospectively collected data from 2016 to 2018 from the British Columbia OHCA Registry to examine the utilization and cost-effectiveness of hypothetical AED deployment in municipalities with a population of over 100 000. We geo-plotted OHCA events using seven hypothetical deployment models where AEDs were placed at the exteriors of public schools and community centers and fetched by bystanders.

Factors in Psychiatric Admissions: Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted community mental health, but the effect on psychiatric admissions is unknown. We investigated factors contributing to acute psychiatric admissions, and whether this changed during the first UK lockdown.

Method: A retrospective case-note review study with an exploratory mixed-methods design to examine factors for psychiatric admissions following the first UK 2020 lockdown compared to the same time periods in 2019 and 2018.