Structural Elucidation and Antiviral Properties of Pannosides from the Halophyte L.

Four previously undescribed pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, pannosides F-I (-), were isolated from the halophyte L. (), and their chemical structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Comprehensive structural analysis revealed the presence of distinct aglycone and glycosidic moieties, along with complex acylation patterns.

Enhancement of Chondrogenic Differentiation in Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids by Methanolic Extract: Insights into Concentration-Dependent mRNA Expression and Gene Clustering Analysis.

: L. has been utilized as a medicinal plant for centuries. This research sought to examine the effects of cumin methanolic extract (CMT) on the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Enhancing Large Language Model Reliability: Minimizing Hallucinations with Dual Retrieval-Augmented Generation Based on the Latest Diabetes Guidelines.

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in healthcare but face challenges with hallucinations, particularly in rapidly evolving fields like diabetes management. Traditional LLM updating methods are resource-intensive, necessitating new approaches for delivering reliable, current medical information. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel retrieval system to enhance LLM reliability in diabetes management across different languages and guidelines.

Exploring Biomarkers for Excess Extracellular Fluid in the Context of Physical Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

: Fluid overload is an important risk factor for protein-energy wasting, which could lead to poor outcomes, such as higher morbidity and mortality, in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to validate the possible myokine as a biomarker of volume status in patients with non-dialysis CKD. : In total, 151 patients with CKD were enrolled from a single medical center.

Fermented Fish Collagen Diminished Photoaging-Related Collagen Decrease by Attenuating AGE-RAGE Binding Activity.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes skin wrinkles and decreases elasticity. UV also increases binding between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), resulting in increased inflammation and activation of NF-κB. We evaluated whether fermented fish collagen (FC) could decrease photoaging via decreasing AGE-RAGE binding activity, which was associated with decreased TNF-α and NF-κB levels in UV-irradiated keratinocytes and animal skin.

MIF Inhibition by ISO-1 Decreased Autophagic Activity in Primary Astrocytes During Cobalt Chloride-Induced Hypoxia.

Ischemic stroke is a leading contributor to death and disability worldwide, driving extensive research into pharmacological treatments beyond thrombolysis. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine, is implicated in several pathological conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of MIF on autophagy in astrocytes under the condition of chemical hypoxia.

Extracts for Cosmetic Applications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the cosmetic applications of extracts (DMEs). A total of 261 articles were screened; however, after eliminating inappropriate studies, only 16 individual studies were eligible. The comparative standardized mean difference (SMD) between the DME treatment and control groups was used to evaluate the cosmetic properties of DME, including its biocompatibility, whitening effects, and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Development of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrodes with Enhanced Dispersion and Electrochemical Properties for Blood Glucose Monitoring.

The evolution of high-performance electrode materials has significantly impacted the development of real-time monitoring biosensors, emphasizing the need for compatibility with biomaterials and robust electrochemical properties. This work focuses on creating electrode materials utilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), specifically examining their dispersion behavior and electrochemical characteristics. By using ultrasonic waves, we analyzed the dispersion of CNTs in various solvents, including N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), deionized water (DW), ethanol, and acetone.

Sensing Technologies for Outdoor/Indoor Farming.

To face the increasing requirement for grains as the global population continues to grow, improving both crop yield and quality has become essential. Plant health directly impacts crop quality and yield, making the development of plant health-monitoring technologies essential. Variable sensing technologies for outdoor/indoor farming based on different working principles have emerged as important tools for monitoring plants and their microclimates.

Portable Amperometric Biosensor Enhanced with Enzyme-Ternary Nanocomposites for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection.

Enzyme-based portable amperometric biosensors are precise and low-cost medical devices used for rapid cancer biomarker screening. Sarcosine (Sar) is an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). Because human serum and urine contain complex interfering substances that can directly oxidize at the electrode surface, rapid Sar screening biosensors are relatively challenging and have rarely been reported.

Active Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform Based on a 2D Material-Flexible Nanotip Array.

Two-dimensional materials with a nanostructure have been introduced as promising candidates for SERS platforms for sensing application. However, the dynamic control and tuning of SERS remains a long-standing problem. Here, we demonstrated active tuning of the enhancement factor of the first- and second-order Raman mode of monolayer (1L) MoS transferred onto a flexible metallic nanotip array.

Flexible Electrochemical Biosensor Using Nanostructure-Modified Polymer Electrode for Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids.

In the biosensor field, the accurate detection of contagious disease has become one of the most important research topics in the post-pandemic period. However, conventional contagious viral biosensors normally require chemical modifications to introduce the probe molecules to nucleic acids such as a redox indicator, fluorescent dye, or quencher for biosensing. To avoid this complex chemical modification, in this research, mismatched DNA with an intercalated metal ion complex (MIMIC) is employed as the probe sequence.

Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay Implemented with Isothermal Gene Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

We developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic platform that integrates isothermal viral gene amplification with a nucleic acid lateral flow assay (NALFA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Isothermal gene amplification was performed by combining reverse transcription of viral RNA with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In our diagnostic platform, DNA primers for the RPA reaction were modified by appending DNA tails, enabling the synthesis of tailed amplicon DNAs.

Combined Dielectric-Optical Characterization of Single Cells Using Dielectrophoresis-Imaging Flow Cytometry.

In this paper, we present a microfluidic flow cytometer for simultaneous imaging and dielectric characterization of individual biological cells within a flow. Utilizing a combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and high-speed imaging, this system offers a dual-modality approach to analyze both cell morphology and dielectric properties, enhancing the ability to analyze, characterize, and discriminate cells in a heterogeneous population. A high-speed camera is used to capture images of and track multiple cells in real-time as they flow through a microfluidic channel.

Optimization of Paper-Based Alveolar-Mimicking SERS Sensor for High-Sensitivity Detection of Antifungal Agent.

Crystal violet (CV) is a disinfectant and antifungal agent used in aquaculture that plays a vital role in treating aquatic diseases and sterilizing water. However, its potential for strong toxicity, including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, upon accumulation in the body raises concerns regarding its safe use. Therefore, there is a growing need for the quantitative detection of CV in its early application stages to ensure human safety.

Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study.

Objective: We previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis algorithms for predicting the six classes of stomach lesions. However, this required significant computational resources. The incorporation of AI into medical devices has evolved from centralized models to decentralized edge computing devices.

ARS: AI-Driven Recovery Controller for Quadruped Robot Using Single-Network Model.

Legged robots, especially quadruped robots, are widely used in various environments due to their advantage in overcoming rough terrains. However, falling is inevitable. Therefore, the ability to overcome a falling state is an essential ability for legged robots.

Optical Flow Sensor with Fluorescent-Conjugated Hyperelastic Pillar: A Biomimetic Approach.

Although the Doppler velocity log is widely applied to measure underwater fluid flow, it requires high power and is inappropriate for measuring low flow velocity. This study proposes a fluid flow sensor that utilizes optical flow sensing. The proposed sensor mimics the neuromast of a fish by attaching a phosphor to two pillar structures (A and B) produced using ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

Planned Abscopal Effect with Concurrent Pembrolizumab and Ablative Radiotherapy to Pulmonary Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Most abscopal effects are reported as sporadic and unpredictable events following radiotherapy at symptomatic sites. Herein, we report a case in which a planned abscopal effect was induced following deliberate radiotherapy and concurrent systemic immunotherapy. A 53-year-old man with a combined positive score ≥10 developed extensive metastatic bladder cancer after progressing on conventional chemotherapy.

Prevalence and Significance of Incidental PET/CT Findings of Cancer Detected in Patients Evaluated for Their Primary Hematologic Malignancy: A Systematic Review.

In the evaluation of a patient's primary hematologic malignancy, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging may incidentally detect a concerning abnormality suggestive of a second concurrent cancer. Despite accounting for nearly 10% of all cancers diagnosed in Canada, there has yet to be a systematic review focused on the prevalence and significance of these incidental PET/CT findings in the context of primary hematologic malignancies. As such, a systematic search strategy was employed on MEDLINE and Embase to document the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental PET/CT findings suggestive of a second concurrent cancer detected in patients evaluated for their primary hematologic malignancy.

Supersaturated Gel Formulation (SGF) of Atorvastatin at a Maximum Dose of 80 mg with Enhanced Solubility, Dissolution, and Physical Stability.

The objective of this work was to develop a supersaturated gel formulation (SGF) loaded with the maximum atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATR) dose. The maximum dose strength of ATR needs to be reduced through improving solubility and dissolution rate to mitigate side effects due to the necessity of taking high doses. ATR has highly pH-dependent solubility at 37 °C, leading to poor solubility (<10 μg/mL) in stomach acid (pH 1.

Physicochemical Properties, Drug Release and In Situ Depot-Forming Behaviors of Alginate Hydrogel Containing Poorly Water-Soluble Aripiprazole.

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, drug release and in situ depot-forming behavior of alginate hydrogel containing poorly water-soluble aripiprazole (ARP) for achieving free-flowing injectability, clinically accessible gelation time and sustained drug release. The balanced ratio of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) was crucial to modulate gelation time of the alginate solution in the presence of calcium carbonate. Our results demonstrated that the sol state alginate hydrogel before gelation was free-flowing, stable and readily injectable using a small 23 G needle.

Stretchable and Shape-Transformable Organohydrogel with Gallium Mesh Frame.

Shape-memory materials are widely utilized in biomedical devices and tissue engineering, particularly for their ability to undergo predefined shape changes in response to external stimuli. In this study, a shape-transformable organohydrogel was developed by incorporating a gallium mesh into a polyacrylamide/alginate/glycerol matrix. The gallium mesh, which transitions between solid and liquid states at moderate temperatures (~29.

Changes in Occlusal Contacts upon the Cementation of Zirconia Crowns with Different Cement Spacers.

Occlusion plays a crucial role in the long-term success and functionality of dental restorations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal contacts upon the cementation of zirconia crowns with different cement spacer settings in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) software (3Shape Dental System version 2.102.