Improving stamina and mobility with preop walking in surgical patients with frailty traits -OASIS IV: randomized clinical trial study protocol.

Background: Frail older surgical patients face more than a two-fold increase in postoperative complications, including myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, ileus, and others. Many of these complications occur because of postoperative loss of stamina and poor mobility. Preoperative exercise may better prepare these vulnerable patients for surgery.

Estimated Age of First Exposure to American Football and Neurocognitive Performance Amongst NCAA Male Student-Athletes: A Cohort Study.

Background: Repetitive head impacts in young athletes are potentially detrimental to later life (e.g., age 50 + years) neurological function; however, it is unknown what the short-term effects (e.

Efficacy of Tandem Gait to Identify Impaired Postural Control after Concussion.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate tandem gait (TG), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) performance acutely after concussion in collegiate student-athletes. In addition, we sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of TG, including minimal detectable change (MDC), sensitivity, and specificity.

Methods: Seventy-six National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes performed TG and BESS tests: 38 acutely after concussion and 38 controls.

Normative Tandem Gait in Collegiate Student-Athletes: Implications for Clinical Concussion Assessment.

Background: Impaired balance is common after concussion. The third edition of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) recommends the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and/or tandem gait for postconcussion balance assessment. The limitations of the BESS are well documented; however, tandem gait has received little attention throughout concussion literature.

Policies, Procedures, and Practices Regarding Sport-Related Concussion in Community College Athletes.

Context: College sport organizations and associations endorse concussion-management protocols and policies. To date, little information is available on concussion policies and practices at community college institutions.

Objective: To assess and describe current practices and policies regarding the assessment, management, and return-to-play criteria for sport-related concussion (SRC) among member institutions of the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA).

Preliminary evidence of reduced brain network activation in patients with post-traumatic migraine following concussion.

Post-traumatic migraine (PTM) (i.e., headache, nausea, light and/or noise sensitivity) is an emerging risk factor for prolonged recovery following concussion.

A Brief Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) assessment to evaluate concussions: preliminary findings.

Background: Vestibular and ocular motor impairments and symptoms have been documented in patients with sport-related concussions. However, there is no current brief clinical screen to assess and monitor these issues.

Purpose: To describe and provide initial data for the internal consistency and validity of a brief clinical screening tool for vestibular and ocular motor impairments and symptoms after sport-related concussions.

CVT-124, a novel adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with unique diuretic activity.

Administration of the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, CVT-124, to conscious chronically instrumented rats resulted in significant increases in urine flow rate and sodium excretion without affecting potassium excretion or renal hemodynamics. Its maximum effect was twice that of hydrochlorothiazide which was associated with a significant kaliuresis. The diuretic effect of CVT-124 was less than that observed with furosemide; however, furosemide administration was associated with a large increase in potassium excretion as well as a reduction in glomerular filtration rate.

Activation of glomerular mesangial cells by hepatocyte growth factor through tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces mitogenesis, chemotaxis, and tubule formation in renal epithelial cells. This study examined the effects of wortmannin and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on HGF-mediated changes in metabolic activity in glomerular mesangial cells and renal epithelial carcinoma A498 cells. The extracellular acidification rate of transformed mouse glomerular mesangial cells and A498 cells was measured as an index of metabolic activity with a microphysiometer.

Distribution and functional role of renal ET receptor subtypes in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Experiments were designed to compare the distribution and physiological roles of endothelin (ET) receptor subtypes, ETA and ETB, in the kidneys of normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. Using [125I] ET-1 and subtype-selective ligands sarafotoxin 6c (S6c, ETB-selective agonist) and BQ123 (ETA-selective antagonist), the distribution of ETA and ETB receptors in SD rat kidney cortex, outer medulla and papilla was calculated to be 50:50, 30:70 and 10:90, respectively. The ET receptor subtypes in outer medulla and papilla of age-matched SH rats were similar to those of SD.

Reversal of postischemic acute renal failure with a selective endothelinA receptor antagonist in the rat.

Studies were designed to examine the effect of a selective endothelinA (ETA) receptor antagonist, BQ123, on severe postischemic acute renal failure (ARF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Severe ARF was induced in uninephectomized, chronically instrumented rats by 45-min renal artery occlusion. BQ123 (0.

Effect of dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition on systemic hemodynamics in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The acute and chronic effects of a potent and selective dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, SK&F 102698 [1-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol], on systemic hemodynamic variables were assessed in chronically instrumented spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats. The changes observed in the hypertensive rats were compared with those obtained by vehicle in a different group of rats. Following intragastric administration of SK&F 102698 (75 mg/kg), blood pressure and cardiac output decreased gradually in both strains of rats, while total peripheral vascular resistance remained unchanged.

Effect of carvedilol on renal hemodynamics and renal excretory function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of the novel antihypertensive agent, carvedilol, on renal hemodynamics and excretory function have been investigated and compared with the effects of labetalol in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sustained intravenous infusion of carvedilol or labetalol at a rate of 10 micrograms/kg/min resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure which was equivalent in magnitude for both drugs. Carvedilol had no effect on renal hemodynamic parameters; glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and filtration fraction were unchanged.

The effect of atrial natriuretic factor on blood pressure, heart rate, and renal functions in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Atrial natriuretic factors, polypeptides released by atrial myocytes, may play a role in the control of blood pressure and the regulation of renal salt and water excretion. Our studies were designed to assess the role of a synthetic peptide, atriopeptin II, on blood pressure and heart rate, renal hemodynamics, and salt and water excretion in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded following intravenous bolus injections (0.

Uptake of metabolism of norepinephrine in isolated perfused fetal, newborn and adult rabbit lungs.

We compared the ability of isolated perfused lungs from previable, 26-day gestation, fetal rabbits; newborn rabbits (within 12 hours of birth) and 3 month old adult rabbits to metabolize a 20-second bolus of norepinephrine (NE). The concentration of NE infused was much below the Km for the NE uptake process to assure first order uptake kinetics. At these low concentrations no vasoactivity was observed.

Interrelation of the renin system and erythropoietin in rats.

Evidence is presented implicating the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of plasma erythropoietin concentration. Male and female rats were exposed to hypoxia at 0.43 atm for 8 hr.