Synthetic nanoparticles functionalized with cell membrane-mimicking, bone-targeting, and ROS-controlled release agents for osteoporosis treatment.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common degenerative disease, with suboptimal clinical outcomes. The targets of current therapeutic agents are both nonspecific and diverse. We synthesized a novel nanoparticle (NP), ALN@BMSCM@PLGA-TK-PEG-SS31.

SCUBE3 promotes osteogenic differentiation and mitophagy in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the BMP2/TGF-β signaling pathway.

In clinical settings, addressing large bone defects remains a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The use of genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has emerged as a highly promising approach for these treatments. Signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein, the role of which remains unclear in human hBMSCs.

[Preparation and osteogenesis of acellular dermal matrix/dicalcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone repair].

Objective: To investigate the physicochemical properties, osteogenic properties, and osteogenic ability in rabbit model of femoral condylar defect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM)/dicalcium phosphate (DCP) composite scaffold.

Methods: ADM/DCP composite scaffolds were prepared by microfibril technique, and the acellular effect of ADM/DCP composite scaffolds was detected by DNA residue, fat content, and α-1，3-galactosyle (α-Gal) epitopes; the microstructure of scaffolds was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry; X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change of crystal form of scaffold; the solubility of scaffolds was used to detect the pH value and calcium ion content of the solution; the mineralization experiment was used to observe the surface mineralization. Twelve healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected to prepare the femoral condylar defect models, and the left and right defects were implanted with ADM/DCP composite scaffold (experimental group) and skeletal gold artificial bone repair material (control group), respectively.

KDELR2 promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation via GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Nonunion is a challenging complication of fractures for the surgeon. Recently the Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 2 (KDELR2) has been found that involved in osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear.

Regional distribution prevalence of heterotopic ossification in the elbow joint: a 3D study of patients after surgery for traumatic elbow injury.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication after elbow fracture surgery and can lead to severe upper extremity disability. The radiographic localization of postoperative HO has been reported previously. However, there is no literature examining the distribution of postoperative HO at the three-dimensional (3D) level.

Clinical outcomes of capitellar fractures with posterior comminution treated with Herbert screws combined with metacarpal locking plates.

Background: The treatment of Dubberley type B capitellar fractures, which are frequently complicated, is widely debated. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of Dubberley type B capitellar fractures treated with Herbert screws combined with posterior buttress plates.

Methods: Seven men and nine women (aged 30-68 years) with Dubberley type B capitellar fractures were operated on with Herbert screws combined with posterior buttress plates.

Augmentative Plating in the Treatment of Femoral Nonunion after Intramedullary Nail Fixation.

Objective: Failure of bone healing after intramedullary nailing (IMN) of a femoral diaphyseal fracture is an uncommon condition, which can cause obvious pain symptoms and seriously affect the daily life of patients. Ununion of femoral fracture requires treatment to promote successful bone union. Augmentative plating (AP) has yielded good results in treating femoral nonunion after IMN.

Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation modulates the osteoblast/osteoclast balance in inflammatory environments and protects against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice.

Background: An imbalance of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment is an important pathological factor leading to osteoporosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to suppress inflammation in macrophages and adipocytes. However, the effect of EPA on OBs and OCs has yet to be fully elucidated.

LAMP2A regulates the balance of mesenchymal stem cell adipo-osteogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) plays multiple roles in cell metabolism. We found that lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), a crucial protein of CMA, plays a key role in the control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adipo-osteogenesis. We identified a differentially expressed CMA gene (LAMP2) in GEO datasets (GSE4911 and GSE494).

MFG-E8 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Fracture nonunion and bone defects are challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), a glycoprotein possibly secreted by macrophages in a fracture hematoma, participates in bone development. However, the role of MFG-E8 in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is unclear.

Coracoid Process Fractures of the Scapula Treated by Baseplate Three-Column Glenoid Fixation: A Retrospective Study of 24 Patients.

BACKGROUND This retrospective study from a single center aimed to evaluate 24 patients with coracoid process fractures of the scapula treated by baseplate three-column glenoid fixation of the 3 columns attached to the glenoid, or the scapula-glenoid construct, which includes the base of the coracoid, the scapular spine, and the lateral/scapular pillar. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with 24 coracoid process fractures were treated from March 2018 to August 2020 in our hospital; 11 cases were treated with the modified technique and 13 with the conventional technique. The patients had comparable screw length, bone union time, fracture reduction, and Constant-Murley shoulder outcome scores.

Comparison of sagittal spinal alignment on standing plain x-rays and supine MRI in degenerative lumbar disease.

Background: The purpose of the present study is to examine the possible correlation between standing plain x-rays and supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating spinal sagittal alignment in degenerative lumbar disease (DLD).

Methods: The characteristics and images of 64 patients with DLD were reviewed retrospectively. The thoracolumbar junction kyphosis (TJK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sacral slope (SS) were measured on lateral plain x-rays and by MRI.

EGFL7 Secreted By Human Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation Partly Via Downregulation Of Notch1-Hes1 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Epidermal growth factor-like domain protein 7 (EGFL7) is a secreted protein that is differentially expressed in the bone microenvironment; however, the effect of EGFL7 on the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is largely unknown.

Methods: EGFL7 expression in the fracture microenvironment was analyzed based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Knockdown of EGFL7 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and in vitro stimulation with recombinant human EGFL7 (rhEGFL7) protein were used to assess alterations in downstream signaling and changes in the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hBMSCs.

Knockdown of FOXA1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly via activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway.

Background: The available therapeutic options for large bone defects remain extremely limited, requiring new strategies to accelerate bone healing. Genetically modified bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with enhanced osteogenic capacity are recognised as one of the most promising treatments for bone defects.

Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of miRNAs between human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to identify osteogenic differentiation-related microRNAs (miRNAs).

Role of Lysosomal Acidification Dysfunction in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely used as a potential treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the contradiction between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects has affected its clinical use. Lysosomes as organelles at the center of cellular recycling and metabolic signaling, play essential roles in MSC homeostasis.

The Role of Forkhead Box Family in Bone Metabolism and Diseases.

Forkhead box (Fox) family, an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors carrying the "Forkhead" motif, plays an indispensable role in human health and disease. Fox family genes are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, embryonic development, aging, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. The regulatory role of the Fox family in the context of bone metabolism and orthopedic diseases is an emerging research hotspot.

Knockdown of SERPINB2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.

Background: Globally, bone fractures are the most common musculoskeletal trauma, and approximately 8-10% of cases that fall into the categories of delayed or non-union healing. To date, there are no efficient pharmacological agents to accelerate the healing of bone fractures. Thus, it is necessary to find new strategies that accelerate bone healing and reduce the incidence of non-union or delayed fracture healing.

Low-dose IL-34 has no effect on osteoclastogenesis but promotes osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways.

Background: Inflammatory microenvironment is significant to the differentiation and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It evidentially influences the osteoblastogenesis of MSCs. IL-34, a newly discovered cytokine, playing a key role in metabolism.

Glycyrrhizic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a major triterpene glycoside isolated from liquorice root that has been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, there have been no reports regarding the effect of GA on osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the effects and mechanism of action of GA on osteogenesis.

The Effect of MMP-2 Inhibitor 1 on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis During Bone Regeneration.

Bone regeneration is a popular research focus around the world. Recent studies have suggested that the formation of a vascular network as well as intrinsic osteogenic ability is important for bone regeneration. Here, we show for the first time that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 inhibitor 1 (MMP2-I1) has a positive role in the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and angiogenesis of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Upregulation of Parkin Accelerates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration by Enhancing Autophagy and β-Catenin Signaling.

Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a key role in bone formation. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, related to Parkinson's disease and aging. Previous studies have indicated that Parkinson's disease have a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture.

Withanolide B promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Background: The treatment of bone defects has always been a problem for clinicians. In recent years, research on human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) has found that promoting their osteogenic differentiation could be a useful therapeutic strategy for bone healing. Previous studies have been reported that Withania somnifera Dunal inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Idiopathic necrotizing fasciitis following fracture fixation: A case report.

Introduction: Idiopathic necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infrequent, highly lethal skin infection that spreads rapidly, marked by fascia and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. It occurs in the absence of a known causative factor. Its emergence after sterile orthopedic fixation with unexpected spread to the abdomen may turn to be challenging both as a medical and surgical emergency.

Serum uric acid level is associated with the incidence of heterotopic ossification following elbow trauma surgery.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication after surgery for elbow trauma. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism and has several physiological and pathogenic roles. However, the relationship between HO and uric acid has not been explored.