Variability in Vowel Space in Parkinson's Disease: Associations With Cognitive and Motor Impairment.

Purpose: People with Parkinson's disease (PwP) typically experience impairments in vowel articulation; however, less is known about how this measure varies with speech task type and clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairment. We characterized vowel space in PwP with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comparing performance across phonation, reading, and picture description tasks. We evaluated associations between vowel space and cognitive impairment, as well as motor symptom severity to elucidate the factors contributing to variability in this acoustic measure.

Gender Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residencies Does Not Translate to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-Accredited Fellowships.

Introduction: Gender representation among orthopaedic surgery applicants and residents has increased over the past two decades. The aims of this study were to evaluate trends of female fellows in ACGME-accredited orthopaedic subspecialties between 2007 and 2021, and to compare the fellowship trends of female representation to those of ACGME-accredited orthopaedic residencies.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of publicly available ACGME-accredited fellowship demographic data from 2007 to 2021.

Altered Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Signaling in Variably Diseased Peripheral Arterial Segments.

Objective: Peripheral atherosclerosis that accumulates in the extracranial carotid and lower extremity arteries can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, atherosclerotic disease progression is often not homogenous and is accelerated by diabetes. We previously observed increased phospholipid content in minimally (Min)-diseased arterial segments compared to maximally (Max)-diseased segments.

Impact of N-Acetyl-Cysteine on Ischemic Stumps Following Major Lower Extremity Amputation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on amputation stump perfusion and healing in patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

Background: Patients with CLTI are at increased risk of poor amputation site healing leading to increased procedure-associated morbidity.

Methods: In a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial, patients with CLTI undergoing major elective lower extremity amputation were randomized 1:1 to intravenous NAC (1200 mg twice-daily) or placebo for up to 5 days postoperatively.

The Geographic Movement Patterns and Career and Personal Interests of Orthopaedic Surgery Residents in the United States.

Background: Orthopaedic surgery continues to be a highly desired residency specialty for graduating medical students in the United States. The geographic preferences and trajectories of orthopaedic surgery applicants are not well understood.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the geographic movement patterns of orthopaedic residents from university through residency.

An Update on Simple Elbow Dislocations: A Protocol for Early Return to Sport in High School Wrestlers.

The principles and management of simple elbow dislocations have evolved over time. In the past, a conservative approach of immobilization and slow rehabilitation were used. More modern treatments emphasize an understanding of the soft tissues about the elbow joint and prescribe an aggressive approach to regaining motion.

Website evaluation for shoulder and elbow fellowships in the United States: an evaluation of accessibility and content.

Hypothesis And/or Background: When examining the access and content related to shoulder and elbow fellowship websites, only 64% of programs had individual websites in a query performed 5 years earlier. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate content about individual programs listed on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) website and on individual program websites and compare the results to prior data.

Methods: The ASES website was accessed to determine both the number of ASES-recognized shoulder and elbow fellowships and the number of direct links to fellowship program websites.

Can Sural Fasciocutaneous Flaps Be Effective in Patients Older Than 65?

Background: Many studies have evaluated the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap for coverage of wounds on the distal lower extremity, and many of these have focused on younger, healthy patients. However, to our knowledge, there has been no dedicated study focusing on older patients. We believe there is a generalized concern about performing these procedures in older patients because of microvascular changes associated with aging.

Citation analysis of the 100 most common articles regarding distal radius fractures.

Purpose: Bibliometric studies are increasingly being utilized as a tool for gauging the impact of different literature within a given field. The purpose of this study was to identify the most cited articles related to the management of distal radius fractures to better understand how the evidence of this topic has been shaped and changed over time.

Methods: We utilized the ISI web of science database to conduct a search for the term "distal radius fracture" under the "orthopaedics" research area heading, and sorted the results by number of times cited.

A multinational study distinguishing Alzheimer's and healthy patients using cerebrospinal fluid tau/Aβ42 cutoff with concordance to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging.

Introduction: Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and amyloid β (Aβ)42 accompany development of Alzheimer's brain pathology. Robust tau and Aβ42 immunoassays were developed to establish a tau/Aβ42 cutoff distinguishing mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects from healthy elderly control (HC) subjects.

Methods: A CSF tau/Aβ42 cutoff criteria was chosen, which distinguished the groups and maximized concordance with amyloid PET.

Sural Versus Perforator Flaps for Distal Medial Leg Wounds.

Soft tissue coverage of distal medial ankle wounds is a challenging problem in orthopedic surgery because of the limited local tissues and prominent instrumentation. Traditionally, these wounds required free tissue transfer to achieve suitable coverage and subsequent bony union. To better respect the reconstructive ladder and to avoid the inherent difficulty of free flap coverage, rotational flaps have been used to cover these wounds.

The internet as a source of information for De Quervain's tendinitis.

Background: Many individuals are turning to the Internet for information about various health conditions, and in our study we evaluated the quality and readability of information on the internet about De Quervain's tendinitis.

Methods: We chose the search terms "De Quervain's Tendinitis," "De Quervain's Tenosynovitis," and "De Quervain's Syndrome," and entered them into the search engines "Google," "Bing," and "Yahoo" and compiled the search results. The websites were then evaluated and assigned a quality score, a Flesch-Kincaid (FK) reading level, and a subjective quality score.

Imaging and management of thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

Primary osteoarthritis (OA) involving the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is a common and frequently debilitating disease. Clinical examination and radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis; however, familiarity with the cross-sectional anatomy is useful for diagnosis of this condition. The most widely used classification system for the radiographic staging of thumb carpometacarpal joint OA was first presented by Eaton and Littler, ranging from mild (stages I and II) to severe (stage IV) disease.

Simultaneous soft tissue coverage of both medial and lateral ankle wounds: Sural and rotational flap coverage after revision fixation in an infected diabetic ankle fracture.

Aims: To describe a case of simultaneous medial and lateral soft tissue coverage for exposed orthopaedic implants in the setting of revision fixation of a non-united ankle fracture. This was achieved using a sural flap as well as a propeller flap.

Methods: Case report.

Scapula fractures: interobserver reliability of classification and treatment.

Objectives: There is substantial variation in the classification and management of scapula fractures. The first purpose of this study was to analyze the interobserver reliability of the OTA/AO classification and the New International Classification for Scapula Fractures. The second purpose was to assess the proportion of agreement among orthopaedic surgeons on operative or nonoperative treatment.

The OTA open fracture classification: a study of reliability and agreement.

Objectives: To determine the reliability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) Open Fracture Classification.

Design: Video-based reliability study.

Setting: Orthopedic meetings and grand rounds.

Distal Radius Fracture Hematoma Block with Combined Lidocaine and Bupivacaine can induce Seizures while within Therapeutic Window: A Case Report.

Introduction: Hematoma blocks are effective pain management modalities for closed reduction of distal radius fractures. Complications of hematoma blocks are associated with systemic reaction to anesthetic used.

Case Report: We present a case report of an elderly patient who received a hematoma block of lidocaine and bupivacaine for a distal radius fracture and subsequently developed a generalized tonic clonic seizure.

Imaging and treatment of scaphoid fractures and their complications.

The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone, with frequent complications that are predisposed by its anatomical location, anatomical configuration (shape and length), and vascular supply. The most common mechanism of injury is a fall onto an outstretched hand. Imaging plays a significant role in the initial evaluation and treatment of scaphoid fractures and their complications.

Antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer for bone defects of the forearm and hand.

Management of bone loss, particularly in the face of open or contaminated wounds, presents a reconstructive challenge. Polymethylmethacrylate impregnated with antibiotics has been used successfully in the treatment of infected total joint arthroplasty and open fractures. The cement delivers high-dose local concentrations of antibiotics while filling a space.

The accuracy of distal posterior interosseous and anterior interosseous nerve injection.

Purpose: To standardize a technique of delivering a local anesthetic to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) by using the anatomic landmarks of the wrist and to evaluate the accuracy of the technique in a cadaver model.

Methods: Techniques for PIN and AIN injection and for PIN injection alone are described. Techniques were tested in a fresh frozen cadaver model by using methylene blue injections.

Autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Complications and functional assessment.

Functional outcomes and complications experienced by adult patients who underwent iliac crest bone grafting were evaluated to assess the effect of bone grafts on patient function. In addition to retrospective chart reviews, patients completed the Sickness Impact Profile and a detailed questionnaire on pain. One hundred ninety-two patients met study inclusion criteria.

Cloning and sequence of a gene for a homologue of the C subunit of the V-ATPase from the salivary gland of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L).

A 1084 base pair partial cDNA showing similarity to the C subunit of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) was isolated on a clone from a cDNA library made from salivary glands from 3-day-old feeding adult Amblyomma americanum (L.) female ticks. The 5' end was completed using primer extension and the two pieces joined to form a complete cDNA of 1373 bp.