PD1.5 variant on gene, regulator of T lymphocyte activity, influences non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer risk.

Background: Since failure in recognition of abnormal cells by the immune system has an important role in bladder cancer development and progression, this study aimed to evaluate whether PD1 (c.627+252C>T) and PD1.5 (c.

Castration immunoregulates toll-like receptor-4 in male bladder cancer.

Purpose: Among diverse Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is a key urothelial trigger for innate immune response impacting urothelial bladder carcinoma (BC). Androgen activation promotes immunotolerance, playing an immunoregulatory role by unknown mechanisms. We explored the castration impact on urothelial TLR-4 modulation in carcinogenesis and immunotherapeutic scenario.

Presence and predominance of histological grade 3 define cT1HG bladder cancer prognostic groups.

Purpose: Current World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (2004 WHO/ISUP) grading of bladder urothelial carcinoma relies on the highest pathologic grade of the specimen and does not reflect the inherent qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of disease.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive urothelial high-grade cT1 (cT1HG) carcinomas submitted to adjuvant bacille Calmette-Guérin between 2008 and 2015 to evaluate the prognostic potential of grade 3 (presence or predominance) according to the 1973 WHO system concerning disease progression and cancer-specific death.

Results: Among 253 patients, grading distribution was 34.

Autochthonous male urothelial carcinoma immune competent model: from induction to BCG transurethral treatment.

To describe a new animal model of autochthonous urothelial cancer (UC) accessible by transurethral catheter in males, from induction to treatment. Seven-week-old male Fischer 344 rats were used. The first 10 animals were used to overcome and standardize the technical challenges of safe transurethral catheterization of male rats.

Chorioallantoic urothelial tumor avatar. A clinical tool for phenotype-based therapy.

In the muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) standard of care treatment only patients presenting a major pathological tumor response are more likely to show the established modest 5% absolute survival benefit at 5 years after cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). To overcome the drawbacks of a blind NAC (i.e.

Spring Is Coming: Genetic Analyses of the Bud Break Date Locus Reveal Candidate Genes From the Cold Perception Pathway to Dormancy Release in Apple ( × Borkh.).

Chilling requirement (CR) for bud dormancy completion determines the time of bud break in apple ( × Borkh.). The molecular control of bud dormancy is highly heritable, suggesting a strong genetic control of the trait.

Quality of life and sexual health in men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life, erectile function and group psychotherapy in patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. Sixty patients were evaluated for erectile function (IIEF-5), quality of life (SF-36SF), urinary incontinence (ICQI-SF and ICQI-OAB). Thirty of them had group psychotherapy two weeks before and 12 weeks after surgery.

Psychotherapy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in early rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: a prospective randomised controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of group psychotherapy and the use of a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) in the early rehabilitation stage of patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Fifty-six patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer were randomised into four groups, and 53 completed the protocol: Group 1 - control (n = 11), Group 2 - group psychotherapy (n = 16), Group 3 - lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 12) and Group 4 - group psychotherapy + lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 14). The groups were individually evaluated for erectile function (IIEF-5) and quality of life - QoL (SF-36) weekly, with two meetings held a week apart before the RP and 12 weekly meetings after surgery.

The Need for Consensus and Transparency in Assessing Population-Based Rates of Positive Circumferential Radial Margins in Rectal Cancer: Data from Consecutive Cases in a Large Region of Ontario, Canada.

Background: A positive circumferential radial margin (CRM) after rectal cancer surgery is an important predictor of local recurrence. The definition of a positive CRM differs internationally, and reported rates vary greatly in the literature. This study used time-series population-based data to assess positive CRM rates in a region over time and to inform future methods of CRM analysis in a defined geographic area.

Delivery of a urology online course using Moodle versus didactic lectures methods.

Purpose: To subjectively and objectively compare an accessible interactive electronic library using Moodle with lectures for urology teaching of medical students.

Methods: Forty consecutive fourth-year medical students and one urology teacher were exposed to two teaching methods (4 weeks each) in the form of problem-based learning: - lectures and - student-centered group discussion based on Moodle (modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment) full time online delivered (24/7) with video surgeries, electronic urology cases and additional basic principles of the disease process.

Results: All 40 students completed the study.

Correlation Between Testosterone and PSA Kinetics in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Diverse Chemical Castrations.

To assess total testosterone and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics among diverse chemical castrations, advanced-stage prostate cancer patients were randomized into three groups of 20: Group 1, Leuprolide 3.75 mg; Group 2, Leuprolide 7.5 mg; and Group 3, Goserelin 3.

Impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia pharmacological treatment on transrectal prostate biopsy adverse effects.

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) pharmacological treatment may promote a decrease in prostate vascularization and bladder neck relaxation with theoretical improvement in prostate biopsy morbidity, though never explored in the literature. Methods.

Product analysis and initial reliability testing of the total mesorectal excision-quality assessment instrument.

Background: Product analysis of rectal cancer resection specimens before specimen fixation may provide an immediate and relevant evaluation of surgical performance. We tested the interrater reliability (IRR) of a product analysis tool called the Total Mesorectal Excision-Quality Assessment Instrument (TME-QA).

Methods: Participants included two gold standard raters, five pathology assistants, and eight pathologists.

Diethylstilbestrol 1 mg in the Treatment of Acute Urinary Retention due to Prostatic Obstruction in the Elderly: A Preliminary Study.

Patients who failed a catheter-free trial after acute urinary retention and one week of full dose alpha-blocker and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor were offered Diethylstilbestrol 1 mg plus Aspirin 100 mg over 4 weeks. Prostate volume, age, serum creatinine, and initial retention drained urine volume were recorded. After excluding cardiovascular morbidity (n = 7), upper urinary tract dilation (n = 3), compromised renal function (n = 2), urinary tract infection (n = 2), neurological diagnosis (n = 2), or preferred immediate channel transurethral resection of prostate (n = 5), 48 of 69 consecutive patients ≥70 years were included.

Psychotherapy: a missing piece in the puzzle of post radical prostatectomy erectile dysfunction rehabilitation.

Objectives: To measure the impact of psychotherapy associated to the use of Tadalafil in the improvement of erectile function after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: From 132 patients surgically treated for prostate cancer, thirty sequential patients with bilateral nerve sparing, low risk controlled disease and post-surgery erectile dysfunction (ED) took Tadalafil 20mg and underwent psychotherapy sessions, both weekly for three months. Patients were interviewed to establish the quality of erection using the instrument IIEF-5 and to measure psychological features impacting erectile function, aspects related to function, dysfunction, physical and emotional discomfort were evaluated with the help of an intensity scale.

Higher prostate weight is inversely associated with Gleason score upgrading in radical prostatectomy specimens.

Background. Protective factors against Gleason upgrading and its impact on outcomes after surgery warrant better definition. Patients and Methods.

Digital rectal examination standardization for inexperienced hands: teaching medical students.

Objectives. To standardize digital rectal examination (DRE) and set how it correlates with the comprehensive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods.

Quality improvement in colorectal cancer in local health integration network 4 (LHIN 4) project (QICC-L4): integrated knowledge translation in a large geographic region.

Background: Stakeholders suggest that integrating end users into the planning and execution of quality improvement interventions may more effectively close quality gaps. We tested if such an approach could improve the quality of colorectal cancer surgery in a large geographic region (i.e.

Prospective and randomized comparison of electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve versus oxybutynin versus their combination for treatment of women with overactive bladder syndrome.

Objective: To verify whether the combination of transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS) with oxybutynin in the treatment of women with overactive bladder (OAB) would be more effective than isolated treatments.

Methods: We randomized 75 women with OAB, in three groups: GI--30 min TENS, twice a week; GII--daily slow release 10 mg oxybutynin; and GIII--TENS + oxybutynin (multimodal); all for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated with validated questionnaires International Consultation on Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), International Consultation on Incontinence-OAB (ICIQ-OAB), Symptom bother, and 3-day Voiding diary at weeks 0, 12, and 24.

Radiology-pathology conference: cutaneous angiosarcoma of the leg.

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare aggressive vascular neoplasm with a poor prognosis, seen usually in the elderly population in a background of chronic lymphedema. We present a case of cutaneous angiosarcoma of the leg without any chronic lymphedema with clinicoradiological and histological correlation.

Orbital lymphoma mimicking ophthalmopathy in a patient with Graves'.

The objective of this case report is to present a rare association of a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma masquerading as Graves' orbitopathy in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism, without evidence of Graves' ophthalmopathy. A 66-year-old male patient had pain and swelling of the right eye. Evaluation of serum thyroid hormone revealed low thyrotropin, elevated free thyroxin and antithyroperoxidase antibody levels, confirming the diagnosis of Graves' disease.

The vaginal spindle cell epithelioma: a case report, review of the literature and discussion of potential histogenesis.

The so-called mixed tumors occur in a variety of sites throughout the body. While most cases are encountered in the salivary glands, several cases have been described in the female genital tract. A variety of monikers have been applied to this lesion including "spindle cell epithelioma.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma in an adult patient with Down syndrome.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is a rare solid tumour of mesenchymal origin with an incidence of 2.5 per million population. We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in the English literature of retroperitoneal liposarcoma in an adult patient with Down syndrome.

Anterior-entry abdominoperineal resection: a variation in the method of perineal dissection.

Background: For patients with rectal cancer, there is a greater risk of a positive radial margin or local tumor recurrence when an abdominoperineal versus low anterior resection is performed, or when tumors are in an anterior versus nonanterior location. In response, clinical leaders have encouraged perineal dissection in the prone position or in concert with a coccygectomy. We describe anterior-entry abdominoperineal resection, which may minimize the need for such maneuvers and negative patient outcomes.