A comparison of pre- and post-clinical education learning preferences among medical students who elected to dissect compared to those who did not during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anatomy instructional methods varied widely during the COVID-19 pandemic and programs are assessing innovations for retention. Learning preferences were assessed among medical students dichotomized as elective dissectors (ED) or non-dissectors (ND) during the COVID-19 partial re-opening in 2020 (preclinical) and again in 2022 after clinical exposure (post-clinical) to assess the viability of elective dissection post-pandemic. A mixed-method approach was used for the assessment of test scores, learning preference surveys, learning activities rankings, and thematic analyses.

Extended reality visualization of medical museum specimens: Online presentation of conjoined twins curated by Dr. Jacob Henle between 1844-1852.

Background: The purpose of this study is to characterize a full-term conjoined twins' cadaver curated by Dr. Jacob Henle sometime between 1844 and 1852 and demonstrate digital distribution of an old and rare medical museum specimen using an extended reality (XR) model workflow.

Methods: The cadaver (Preparation 296) is in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Heidelberg.

Case report: clindamycin hydrochloride 1% otic suspension in the management of otitis externa in a canine.

Case reports, which are a report of a patient's symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up, offer great assistance to a practitioner and compounding pharmacist in the oftentimes "trial and error" procedures of treating a patient that presents with a hard-to-treat diagnosis. Case reports serve as a footprint to success in many cases. This article discusses the case of an 11-year-old, neutered, male Bassett Hound with a diagnosis of otitis externa bacterial infection.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I E-peptides are required for isoform-specific gene expression and muscle hypertrophy after local IGF-I production.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) coordinates proliferation and differentiation in a wide variety of cell types. The igf1 gene not only produces IGF-I, but also generates multiple carboxy-terminal extensions, the E-peptides, through alternative splicing leading to different isoforms. It is not known if the IGF-I isoforms share a common pathway for their actions, or if there are specific actions of each protein.

Stems of the Arabidopsis pin1-1 mutant are not deficient in free indole-3-acetic acid.

The pin1-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana has been pivotal for studies on auxin transport and on the role of auxin in plant development. It was reported previously that when whole shoots were analysed, levels of the major auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were dramatically reduced in the mutant, compared with the WT (Okada et al. 1991).

CT detection of serious internal and skeletal injuries in patients with pelvic fractures.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of patients with known pelvic fractures who have additional findings of intraabdominal injury, as diagnosed at abdominal computed tomography (CT), and to determine if patients with specific types or patterns of fractures are more likely to have additional injuries.

Materials And Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records of 200 consecutive patients (125 women, 75 men; age range, 4-86 years) who had been admitted to a level 1 trauma center with osseous pelvic injury secondary to blunt trauma and who had undergone abdominal CT examinations. Abdominal CT findings in these patients were classified as negative, positive, or minimal and correlated with mechanism of pelvic fracture.

Using CT to diagnose traumatic lumbar hernia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the CT findings of traumatic lumbar hernia in 15 patients and to discuss the mechanism and treatment of injury.

Conclusion: CT can reveal traumatic lumbar hernia and show both the anatomy of disrupted muscular layers and the presence of herniated intraabdominal viscera or retroperitoneal fat.

Evaluation of the portal venous system: complementary roles of invasive and noninvasive imaging strategies.

Evaluation of the portal venous system is required in several clinical circumstances, including before and after liver transplantation, before creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, in the clinical setting of bowel ischemia, or to evaluate varices. Several noninvasive modalities (magnetic resonance [MR] imaging and MR angiography, computed tomography [CT], and ultrasound [US]) are available for evaluation of the portal venous system in addition to the invasive angiographic methods. In most clinical circumstances, either CT or MR imaging and MR angiography in combination with US of the liver vasculature will allow complete evaluation of the portal venous system.

The natural history of portal hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

Background & Aims: The effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on portal hemodynamics, esophageal and gastric varices, and hepatic function have not been fully defined. The aim of this study was to define prospectively the effects of TIPS on portal pressures and flow, variceal resolution, and hepatic function.

Methods: Pressure and flow measurements were made by angiography and Doppler sonography, respectively.

Enhancing ascites: an aid to CT diagnosis.

Enhancement of ascitic fluid on delayed contrast-enhanced CT has been described as a potential pitfall in diagnosis. We present a case in which the phenomenon was beneficial to diagnosis. Enhancement of ascites was useful in delineating the entire extent of a cystic pelvic mass.

Enzymatic digestion of the urethra after pancreatic transplantation: a case report.

The most common method of exocrine drainage in pancreatic transplantation is urinary drainage. With the shift from enteric drainage and duct occlusion techniques, there has been a concomitant shift from intraabdominal to urological complications. We present a case in which a simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipient developed urethral disruption and associated bladder outlet obstruction 11 months following surgery.

Anatomic CT demonstration of the peritoneal spaces, ligaments, and mesenteries: normal and pathologic processes.

Computed tomography (CT) has become increasingly useful in the detection of intraabdominal disease. Owing to the widespread use of CT, it is essential that radiologists have a thorough understanding of the peritoneal spaces and the ligaments and mesenteries that form their boundaries. The majority of ligaments and mesenteries in the abdomen are formed from remnants of the ventral and dorsal mesenteries, which suspend the primitive gut.

Performance of the internal jugular vein after functional neck dissection.

The objective of this study was to assess internal jugular vein performance after functional neck dissection in routine and extended head and neck surgical procedures, including bilateral neck dissections, treatment of radiation failures, and those combined with microvascular free grafts. Because the indications for functional neck dissection in our practice have increased. It is important to assess the use of the procedure in these circumstances.

Well-imaged large vessel vasculitis attributed to anticardiolipin antibody.

Objective: We report a case of large vessel vasculitis, compare imaging techniques, and briefly review the literature.

Methods: Anticardiolipin antibody titers, acute-phase response, and ischemic symptoms in a 50-year-old man admitted for treatment of vasculitis-related ischemia of the fingers were monitored over a 14-month period. Images from serial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were compared with images from conventional arteriography in the evaluation of peripheral arterial circulation.