Structural diversity of Alzheimer-related protein aggregations revealed using photothermal ratio-metric micro-spectroscopy.

The crucial link between pathological protein aggregations and lipids in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, yet its spatial dynamics remain challenging for labeling-based microscopy. Here, we demonstrate photothermal ratio-metric infrared spectro-microscopy (PRISM) to investigate the structural and molecular compositions of pathological features in brain tissues at submicron resolution. By identifying the vibrational spectroscopic signatures of protein secondary structures and lipids, PRISM tracks the structural dynamics of pathological proteins, including amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau).

INSPIRE: Single-beam probed complementary vibrational bioimaging.

Molecular spectroscopy provides intrinsic contrast for in situ chemical imaging, linking the physiochemical properties of biomolecules to the functions of living systems. While stimulated Raman imaging has found successes in deciphering biological machinery, many vibrational modes are Raman inactive or weak, limiting the broader impact of the technique. It can potentially be mitigated by the spectral complementarity from infrared (IR) spectroscopy.

Enhanced stimulated Raman and fluorescence imaging by single-frame trained BDN.

Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging capture an expanded dimension of information that facilitates discoveries. However, image features are frequently obscured by noise generated from the limited photodamage threshold of the specimen. Although machine learning approaches demonstrate considerable promise in addressing this challenge, they typically require extensive datasets, which can be difficult to obtain.

Effective method for photonic jet shaping in reflection mode: erratum.

An erratum to correct a mistake on the Funding in [Opt. Express32(15), 26374 (2024).10.

High-altitude exposure leads to increased modularity of brain functional network with the increased occupation of attention resources in early processing of visual working memory.

Unlabelled: Working memory is a complex cognitive system that temporarily maintains purpose-relevant information during human cognition performance. Working memory performance has also been found to be sensitive to high-altitude exposure. This study used a multilevel change detection task combined with Electroencephalogram data to explore the mechanism of working memory change from high-altitude exposure.

Effective method for photonic jet shaping in reflection mode.

We report an effective method to shape a photonic jet (PJ) generated by a dielectric cuboid scatterer on a hollow reflection screen. The study focuses on the shaping of PJ by hollow and cuboid geometries, including side length, depth, and position. The results show that all the geometric parameters can effectively shape the PJ in characteristic parameters of intensity, focal length (FL), and lateral size.

Efficient Near-Infrared to Blue Photon Upconversion by Ultrafast Spin Flip and Triplet Energy Transfer at Organic/2D Semiconductor Interface.

Solid state photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), particularly near-infrared (NIR)-to-blue upconversion, holds instant promise for enhancing optoelectronic and photochemical applications. Despite extensive studies, NIR-to-blue upconversion has remained particularly challenging and elusive due to inherent multiple energy-downhill processes in TTA upconversion. In this study, using atomically thin two dimensional (2D) monolayer semiconductor as a triplet sensitizer, we demonstrate an efficient and robust solid-state NIR-to-blue photon upconversion system.

The recovery of decreased executive attention in Tibetan migrants at high-altitude.

Attention is one of the basic cognitive functions sensitive to high altitude, and most studies have focussed on exposure times of approximately 3 years; however, it is unclear how attention changes in migrants who have lived and worked at high altitude for nearly 20 years. We explored the dynamics of attentional networks and neurophysiological mechanisms in migrants over 3-20 years using the Attentional Network Test combined with Electrocardiograph and Electroencephalography and found a consistent quadratic correlation between exposure and executive control efficiency, P3 amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV), with a decrease followed by an increase/relative stability, with approximately 10 years being the breakpoint. However, neither linear nor quadratic trajectories were observed for the alerting and orienting network.

Dietary patterns related to attention and physiological function in high-altitude migrants.

High altitude exposure negatively affects human attentional function. However, no studies have explored the regulation of attentional and physiological functions from a dietary perspective. A total of 116 Han Chinese students from Tibet University who were born and raised in a plain area and had been living in Tibet for > 2 years were recruited.

Research on the Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method of Energy Storage Battery Based on Multimodel Integration.

The remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) needs to be accurately predicted to enhance equipment safety and battery management system design. Currently, a single machine learning approach (including an improved machine learning approach) has poor generalization performance due to stochasticity, and the combined prediction approach lacks sufficient theoretical support at the same time. In this paper, we first analyze the prediction principles and applicability of models such as long and short-term memory networks and random forests, and then propose a method for predicting the RUL of batteries based on the integration of multiple-model, and finally validate the proposed model by using experimental data.

Maize-Tripsacum-Teosinte allopolyploid (MTP), a novel dwarf mutant inducer tool in maize.

Dwarf plant architecture facilitates dense planting, and increased planting densities boost the maize yield. However, breeding applications of dwarfing materials for maize are currently limited. There is an urgent need remove the obstacles to applying dwarf resources.

Dynamics of CH/ hydrogen bond networks probed by time-resolved CARS spectroscopy.

Hydrogen bond (HB) networks are essential for stabilizing molecular structures in solution and govern the solubility and functionality of molecules in an aqueous environment. HBs are important in biological processes such as enzyme-substrate interactions, protein folding, and DNA replication. However, the exact role of weakly polarized C-H bonds as HB proton donors in solution, such as CH/ HBs, remains mostly unknown.

Subregions of the fusiform gyrus are differentially involved in the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery in depression.

Background: Impaired visual mental imagery is an important symptom of depression and has gradually become an intervention target for cognitive behavioral therapy.

Methods: Our study involved a total of 25 healthy controls (HC) and 23 individuals with moderate depressive symptoms (MD). This study explored the attentional mechanism supporting visual mental imagery impairments in depression using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), attentional network test (ANT), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Perceived stress and brain connectivity in subthreshold depression: Insights from eyes-closed and eyes-open states.

Perceived stress is an acknowledged risk factor for subthreshold depression (StD), and fluctuations in perceived stress are thought to disrupt the harmony of brain networks essential for emotional and cognitive functioning. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between eye-open (EO) and eye-closed (EC) states, perceived stress, and StD. We recruited 27 individuals with StD and 33 healthy controls, collecting resting state fMRI data under both EC and EO conditions.

A rare case of bilateral frontal lobe lesions due to thyroid storm.

Thyroid storm is a rare but well-known life-threatening complication that occurs due to acute exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis with the increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Reports of metabolic encephalopathy associated with thyroid storm are scarce. We describe the case of a 23-year-old male patient with no previous history of abnormal thyroid function who had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol before disease onset.

The effects of long-term high-altitude exposure on cognition: A meta-analysis.

Long-term high altitudes (HA) exposure's impact on cognition has yielded inconsistent findings in previous research. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis of 49 studies (6191 individuals) to comprehensively evaluate this effect. Moderating factors such as cognitive task type, altitude (1500-2500 m, 2500-4000 m, and above 4000 m), residential type (chronic and lifelong), adaptation level and demographic factors were analyzed.

The neuroimmune pathway of high-altitude adaptation: influence of erythrocytes on attention networks through inflammation and the autonomic nervous system.

Introduction: Many studies have shown that the functional adaptation of immigrants to high-altitude is closely related to oxygen transport, inflammatory response and autonomic nervous system. However, it remains unclear how human attention changes in response to hypoxia-induced neurophysiological activity during high-altitude exposure.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between hypoxic-induced neurophysiological responses and attention networks in 116 immigrants (3,680 m) using an attention network test to simultaneously record electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram in combination with specific routine blood markers.

Dose-effect of exercise intervention on heart rate variability of acclimatized young male lowlanders at 3,680 m.

This study investigated whether exercise could improve the reduced HRV in an environment of high altitude. A total of 97 young, healthy male lowlanders living at 3,680 m for >1 year were recruited. They were randomized into four groups, of which three performed-low-, moderate-, and high-intensity (LI, MI, HI) aerobic exercise for 4 weeks, respectively.

Rapid azoospermia classification by stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation microscopy.

Disease diagnosis and classification pose significant challenges due to the limited capabilities of traditional methods to obtain molecular information with spatial distribution. Optical imaging techniques, utilizing (auto)fluorescence and nonlinear optical signals, introduce new dimensions for biomarkers exploration that can improve diagnosis and classification. Nevertheless, these signals often cover only a limited number of species, impeding a comprehensive assessment of the tissue microenvironment, which is crucial for effective disease diagnosis and therapy.

The relationship between attention networks and individual differences in visual mental imagery vividness - An EEG study.

Previous research has established a strong link between attention and visual mental imagery, but it's remained uncertain whether attention networks influence individual differences in the vividness of visual mental imagery. In our study, we examined 140 participants, assessing the vividness of imagery using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire in both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. We employed the Attention Network Test, coupled with EEG recording, to characterize three attention sub-networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control.

A new tissue-agnostic microfluidic device to model physiology and disease: the lattice platform.

To accurately phenocopy human biology , researchers have been reducing their dependence on standard, static two-dimensional (2D) cultures and instead are moving towards three-dimensional (3D) and/or multicellular culture techniques. While these culture innovations are becoming more commonplace, there is a growing body of research that illustrates the benefits and even necessity of recapitulating the dynamic flow of nutrients, gas, waste exchange and tissue interactions that occur . However, cost and engineering complexity are two main factors that hinder the adoption of these technologies and incorporation into standard laboratory workflows.

Spatial multiplexing for robust optical vortex transmission with optical nonlinearity.

Optical vortex beams, with phase singularity characterized by a topological charge (TC), introduces a new dimension for optical communication, quantum information, and optical light manipulation. However, the evaluation of TCs after beam propagation remains a substantial challenge, impeding practical applications. Here, we introduce vortices in lateral arrays (VOILA), a novel spatial multiplexing approach that enables simultaneous transmission of a lateral array of multiple vortices.

What is cooking in your kitchen: seeing "invisible" with time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.

Cooking oil is a critical component of human food and its main component, lipid, is influential to health, but assessing its authenticity and quality can be challenging due to its complex chemical composition. In this study, we introduce a novel application of time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (T-CARS) spectroscopy for detecting adulteration and understanding the mechanisms of lipid oxidation in various cooking oils. Our research surpasses the limitations of conventional spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, demonstrating that intra-molecular interactions from unsaturated bonds in triglycerides significantly influence vibrational dephasing time.