American Orthopaedic Surgeons in World War I.

On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war on Germany and entered what was then called the Great War. Among the first officers sent to Europe were 21 orthopaedic surgeons in the so-called First Goldthwait Unit. Prior to the war, orthopaedics had been a nonoperative "strap-and-buckle" specialty that dealt primarily with infections, congenital abnormalities, and posttraumatic deformity.

Neurologic and vascular injuries associated with knee ligament injuries.

Background: Multiple ligament knee injuries are commonly associated with neurovascular complications such as popliteal artery, common peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve injuries.

Hypothesis: While the importance of identifying these complications in association with bicruciate and triligamentous injuries has been well established, it is important to recognize that any biligamentous and some single ligament knee injuries present with neurological and vascular complications as well.

Study Design: Literature review.

Tibial tunnel widening after hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the effect of supplemental aperture fixation with autogenous bone cores.

Background: Tibial tunnel widening is a common phenomenon seen with hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Concern exists that increased tunnel widening can lead to delayed graft incorporation, graft laxity, or difficulties in revision surgery.

Hypothesis: Supplemental aperture fixation with autogenous bone cores or bioabsorbable interference screws will decrease tibial tunnel widening in hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Surgical management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in patients with open physes.

Because of the increasing number of skeletally immature athletes who compete in highly demanding sports, more children than previously are sustaining anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Treatment and patient compliance with treatment recommendations are problematic. Pediatric issues include those specific to evaluation, projected growth, and surgery.

Fixation of osteochondritis dissecans lesions using poly(l-lactic acid)/ poly(glycolic acid) copolymer bioabsorbable screws.

Background: Many osteochondritis dissecans lesion fixation techniques are effective. A new absorbable copolymer screw may be suitable for this application.

Purpose: To characterize the mechanical and in vitro absorption properties of a copolymer fixation screw and determine the clinical efficacy of using the screw to fix osteochondritis dissecans lesions.

Osteochondral injuries. Clinical findings.

Osteochondral injuries are common, mainly affecting a young, active population. Failure to recognize these injuries can lead to long-term disability. A heightened awareness and understanding of the common mechanisms of injury will lead to early diagnosis and rapid recovery.

Contaminated anterior cruciate ligament grafts: the efficacy of 3 sterilization agents.

Purpose: A study was undertaken to determine the incidence of positive cultures resulting from an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) specimen dropped on the operating room floor and the efficacy of sterilizing the specimen by soaking in 1 of 3 antimicrobial solutions: an antibiotic solution of neomycin and polymyxin B, 10% providone-iodine solution, and standard chlorhexidine gluconate solution.

Type Of Study: Randomized trial.

Materials And Methods: Fifty ACL specimens removed from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were used as the test group.

Osteonecrosis of the knee after arthroscopic surgery for meniscal tears and chondral lesions.

Purpose: Avascular necrosis of the knee following arthroscopic surgery has been described. The purpose of this article is to report a large series of patients who developed avascular necrosis after arthroscopy of the knee in an effort to delineate casual factors and results of treatment.

Type Of Study: Case series.

The incidence of injury in Texas high school basketball. A prospective study among male and female athletes.

Recent publications have reported differences in the incidence, rate, risk, and type of sports injury among men and women. We undertook a prospective study to determine the incidence of injury among high school basketball players and to examine the differences in injury type, incidence, rate, and risk between male and female athletes. During a single basketball season, an injury survey of girls' varsity teams at 100 class 4A and 5A high schools in Texas was conducted.

Incidence of injury in Texas girls' high school basketball.

We studied the incidence of injury in girl's varsity basketball to characterize injury demographics in high school athletics. We defined a reportable injury as one that occurred during organized practice or competition, resulted in either missed practice or game time, required physician consultation, or involved the head or face. We prospectively evaluated the athletes on team rosters during the 1993 to 1994 season from 100 randomly selected Class 4A and 5A Texas public high schools that employed full-time certified athletic trainers.

Meniscal repair. An experimental study in the goat.

To evaluate the healing potential of the meniscus, we created a longitudinal medial meniscal tear in both knees of 24 adult goats (48 knees). In all goats, the meniscus was repaired in one knee and left unrepaired in the other. The goats were placed into one of three groups based on the location of the tear and the status of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The diagnosis and treatment of medial subluxation of the patella after lateral retinacular release.

Five patients with medial subluxation of the patella occurring after isolated lateral retinacular release were treated between July 1985 and July 1989. The diagnosis was made by clinical examination. The patients complained of pain, swelling, and giving way after the lateral release.

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy of the Knee.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of the knee frequently does not present with the classic combination of signs and symptoms seen in the upper extremity. Pain out of proportion to the initial injury is the hallmark symptom. Symptom relief by sympathetic block is the current standard for confirmation of the diagnosis.

The incomplete bicruciate knee injury. A report of two cases.

Two patients suffered similar knee injuries due to valgus stress and hyperextension. Examination under anesthesia and arthroscopic evaluation revealed a previously unreported ligament injury pattern. Both patients had a complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament and a partial tear of the posterior cruciate ligament; neither was noted to have a dislocation.

Incidence of injury in Texas high school football.

This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of injury in high school football based on evaluation of 100 high schools in the State of Texas during a single football season (1989). Certified athletic trainers were the initial medical professionals providing on-site diagnosis and treatment of all injuries. An injury was defined as: 1) an incident causing an athlete to miss all or part of a single practice or game; 2) any incident treated by a physician; and 3) all head injuries reported to the athletic trainer.

Research note: the in vitro responses of vaginal tissue and chicken spermatozoa to glycerol.

The fertilizing ability of glycerolized spermatozoa is apparently lost due to reactions between glycerol, spermatozoa, and vaginal tissue. Two experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility of using in vitro cultures to quantitatively assess these reactions. In the first experiment, vaginal slices alone, unglycerolized semen, and vaginal slices plus semen, all in a phosphate-buffered saline were studied.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. A biological and biomechanical evaluation in goats.

Twenty-eight goats underwent ACL reconstruction with freeze-dried bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts in one knee, the opposite knee serving as a control. One group of 16 knees was evaluated, in groups of four, at 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks by histologic and vascular injection techniques. The other group of 12 knees was evaluated in two groups of six at 26 and 52 weeks by morphological and biomechanical techniques of analysis.

The history and classification of knee braces.

There has been a great deal of concern within the orthopedic community regarding the lack of objective data available on the multitude of knee braces flooding the marketplace. This article hopes to fill that void by presenting an overview of the history and classification of knee braces.

Effects of feeding lasalocid on performance of broilers in moderate and hot temperature regimens.

Three trials were conducted in environmental chambers to study the effects of feeding lasalocid on broiler performance. Birds were randomly assigned at 31 or 35 days of age to one of four treatment groups: hot cyclic (26.7 to 37.

Failed partial meniscectomy.

Both patients and doctors have come to expect a high rate of success from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Failure of this procedure may result from a number of causes, most of which can be detected preoperatively. This article elucidates these potential pitfalls so that the patient can be offered better preoperative counseling.