Comparison of Complications of Injection Laryngoplasty via Direct Versus Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objectives: Injection laryngoplasty (IL) is commonly performed for glottic insufficiency and has historically been performed under general anesthesia via direct laryngoscopy (DL), with an increasing number of procedures being performed in the office setting via flexible laryngoscopy (FL). Existing literature regarding complications of IL primarily addresses immediate peri-procedural complications and adverse reactions to the injection material. This is the first study utilizing a large multi-institutional database comparing complications of IL performed via DL versus FL.

Complications Following Surgical Management of Zenker Diverticulum: A Comparative Analysis of Endoscopic and Open Approaches.

Objective: We aim to explore the differences in complication rates in endoscopic versus open transcervical treatment of Zenker diverticulum.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023.

Setting: Queries of the TriNetX database's United States Collaborative Network.

Audiovisual task switching rapidly modulates sound encoding in mouse auditory cortex.

In everyday behavior, sensory systems are in constant competition for attentional resources, but the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms of modality-selective attention remain largely uninvestigated. We conducted translaminar recordings in mouse auditory cortex (AC) during an audiovisual (AV) attention shifting task. Attending to sound elements in an AV stream reduced both pre-stimulus and stimulus-evoked spiking activity, primarily in deep-layer neurons and neurons without spectrotemporal tuning.

Movement and VIP Interneuron Activation Differentially Modulate Encoding in Mouse Auditory Cortex.

Information processing in sensory cortex is highly sensitive to nonsensory variables such as anesthetic state, arousal, and task engagement. Recent work in mouse visual cortex suggests that evoked firing rates, stimulus-response mutual information, and encoding efficiency increase when animals are engaged in movement. A disinhibitory circuit appears central to this change: inhibitory neurons expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are activated during movement and disinhibit pyramidal cells by suppressing other inhibitory interneurons.

Developmental regulation of globin and nonglobin messenger RNAs in avian erythroid cells.

During embryonic development in the chicken two morphologically distinct erythroid cell populations sequentially appear. Coincidentally with the change in cell populations that begins on the sixth day of embryonic life, the hemoglobins of the early embryo are gradually replaced by a new set of hemoglobins, which are almost identical to those of the adult chicken. We have used recombinant DNAs to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental changes.