Synergistic effects of immunotherapy and adjunctive therapies in prostate cancer management.

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has received widespread attention due to significant tumor clearance in some malignancies. Various immunotherapy approaches, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic virotherapy, bispecific T cell engagers, and adoptive T cell transfer, have completed or are undergoing clinical trials for prostate cancer. Despite immune checkpoint blockade's extraordinary effectiveness in treating a variety of cancers, targeted prostate cancer treatment using the immune system is still in its infancy.

[Focal therapy for prostate cancer: Progress in research].

Prostate cancer (PCa) is currently the second most common malignancy in men worldwide，and its incidence rate is on the rise. Most cases of PCa are treated by radical prostatectomy, but with the development of medical imaging and innovation in therapeutic theories and technology, focal therapy has shown better application prospects in the treatment of PCa. Compared with radical prostatectomy, focal therapy yields satisfactory results in terms of effectiveness and reduction of complications in addition to avoidance of overtreatment and treatment-related financial burden.

Effects of dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on DN incidence. The literature was searched via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Potential molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system, which can be divided into muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and nonmuscle-invasive BC (NMIBC). The number of BC patients has been gradually increasing currently. At present, bladder tumours are diagnosed and followed-up using a combination of cystoscopic examination, cytology and histology.

ADP-dependent glucokinase controls metabolic fitness in prostate cancer progression.

Background: Cell metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, and targeting cancer metabolism might effectively kill cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the role of hexokinases in prostate cancer (PCa) and identify a crucial target for PCa treatment.

Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, online tools and clinical samples were used to assess the expression and prognostic role of ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) in PCa.

Selenium intake and multiple health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Selenium is an essential trace metalloid element that is associated with fundamental importance to human health. Our umbrella review aimed to evaluate the quality of evidence, validity, and biases in the relationship between selenium intake and health-related outcomes according to published systematic reviews with pooled data and meta-analyses. Selenium intake is associated with a decreased risk of digestive system cancers, all-cause mortality, depression, and Keshan disease, when in children reduce the risk of Kashin-Beck disease.

The effect of bladder function on the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective, single-center study.

We investigated the impact and predictive value of bladder function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on the efficacy of transurethral prostatectomy. Symptomatic, imaging, and urodynamic data of patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University (Chengdu, China) from July 2019 to December 2021 were collected. Follow-up data included the quality of life (QoL), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and IPSS storage and voiding (IPSS-s and IPSS-v).

Safety and efficacy associated with single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy in localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Although single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy (SFHDR) for localized prostate cancer has been tried in clinical trials, relevant medical evidence is currently lacking. It is necessary to systematically analyze the safety and efficacy of SFHDR.

Methods: Comprehensive and systematic searches for eligible studies were performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases.

Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary sugar consumption and health outcomes.

Design: Umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and hand searching of reference lists.

Balanced crystalloid solutions versus normal saline in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intravenous fluid therapy is important for pediatric and adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, medical professionals continue to struggle to determine the most appropriate fluids to obtain the best possible outcomes for each patient.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis involving cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the influence of balanced crystalloid solutions and normal saline among patients in ICUs.

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the targeted therapy and immunological therapy era: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains controversial. In addition, several unanswered questions regarding the use of CN remain: Can CN provide survival benefits for patients with mRCC? Where do we place CN in the treatment sequence paradigm among patients with mRCC? How do we best stratify patients with mRCC for CN therapy?

Materials And Methods: A search strategy was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies were included only in the English language.

A Novel Insight into the Immune-Related Interaction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male condition that impacts many men's quality of life by generating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In recent years, inflammation has become very common in the prostate, and BPH with inflammation has a higher International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score and an enlarged prostate. Chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH.

Function of sildenafil on diseases other than urogenital system: An umbrella review.

To investigate the function of sildenafil on diseases other than urogenital system, an umbrella review was conducted. Meta-analysis and systematic reviews on this topic were comprehensively evaluated in this umbrella review. Quality of evidence was evaluated through AMSTAR and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system to generate a reliable and valid conclusion.

Determining the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in treating nephrolithiasis in patients with solitary kidneys.

We performed a meta-analysis to compare the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in treating nephrolithiasis ≥ 2 cm in patients with solitary kidneys. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42021270519). The search time was set from the establishment of the databases until April 30, 2021.

Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and MicroRNAs: A Key Role in Tumor Microenvironment.

As an in-depth understanding of immunotherapy continues to grow, current anticancer therapy research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of genetic information and expression and mediate interactions between tumor cells and components in the TME, such as tumor-associated macrophages (macrophages). Macrophages are abundant in the TME, and their different polarization directions can promote or inhibit tumor growth and progression.

The Role of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Surveillance of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a popular biomarker for subsequent monitoring the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), several studies have investigated the ability of FISH to detect recurrence in the surveillance of NMIBC. However, the results were inconsistent.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search extensively on authenticated databases including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Library.

[Advances in the genetic diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer].

As the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) increases with the aging of men, more and more attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of the pregnancy. In addition to widely used PSA test, MRI and other diagnostic strategies, PCa-related gene screening, with the development of such new technologies as second-generation gene sequencing, is more and more applied in the detection of PCa. Different types of tumor-related genes have different effects on the development and progression of PCa as well as different values in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the malignancy.

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of Testis: A Clinicopathologic and Follow-Up Study of 15 Cases in a High-Volume Institute of China.

Objectives: To report the first series of testicular sex cord-stromal tumors (TSCSTs) with detailed clinicopathologic findings and long-term follow-up in the Chinese population.

Patients And Methods: From 2008 to 2018, 15 patients with TSCST were included in our study. The tumors were analyzed for epidemiological parameters, clinical characteristics, tumor markers, therapy, and follow-up data.