Multifunctional System with Camptothecin and [12]aneN Units for Effective Anti Pancreatic Cancer through Synergistic Chemotherapy, Gene Therapy, and Photodynamic Therapy.

Maximizing drug cargo carrying capacity in blood circulation, controlling the fate of nanoparticles, and precisely drug release to tumor targets are the main aims of multifunctional nanomedicine-based antitumor therapy. Here we combined macrocyclic polyamine di(triazole-[12]aneN) () and chemical drug camptothecin (CPT, ) through photosensitizer 1,1-dicyano-2-phenyl-2-(4-diphenylamino) phenyl-ethylene () containing the cleavable disulfide () linkage as an all-in-one theranostic nanoprodrug, . The corresponding compound with carbon chain () linkage, , was also prepared for a comparison study.

Codelivery of CPT and siPHB1 with GSH/ROS Dual-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on a [12]aneN-Derived Lipid for Synergistic Lung Cancer Therapy.

The combination of small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing and chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancer treatment has attracted widespread attention in terms of a greater therapeutic effect, minimization of systemic toxicity, and inhibition of multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this work, three amphiphiles, -, were first designed and synthesized as a camptothecin (CPT) conjugate and gene condensation agents by the combination of CPT prodrugs and di(triazole-[12]aneN) through the ROS-responsive phenylborate ester and different lengths of alkyl chains (with 6, 9, 12 carbon chains for -, respectively). - were able to be self-assembled into liposomes with an average diameter in the range of 320-240 nm, showing the ability to effectively condense siRNA.

Esterase-Responsive Polymeric Micelles Containing Tetraphenylethene and Poly(ethylene glycol) Moieties for Efficient Doxorubicin Delivery and Tumor Therapy.

Enzyme-responsive drug delivery systems have drawn much attention in the field of cancer theranostics due to their high sensitivity and substrate specificity under mild conditions. In this study, an amphiphilic polymer is reported, which contains a tetraphenylethene unit and a poly(ethylene glycol) chain linked by an esterase-responsive phenolic ester bond. In aqueous solution, formed stable micelles via self-assembly, which showed an aggregation-induced emission enhancement of 32-fold at 532 nm and a critical micelle concentration of 0.

HO-Responsive amphiphilic polymer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for DOX delivery and tumor therapy.

Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on amphiphilic polymers have attracted much attention. In this study, we reported an innovative HO-responsive amphiphilic polymer (TBP), bearing a HO-sensitive phenylboronic ester, AIE fluorophore tetraphenylethene (TPE) hydrophobic, and polyethylene glycol hydrophilic (PEG) moieties. TBP could self-assemble into micelles with an encapsulation efficiency as high as 74.

Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus: a Chinese experience.

Over 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused by mother-to-infant transmission will evolve to carrier status, and this cannot be prevented until widespread administration of the HB vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is implemented. This prospective study of 214 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers was carried out to determine if either perinatal or intrauterine HBV transmission could be effectively prevented with HBIG and the HB vaccine. Peripheral blood was collected from mothers and from newborns before they received HBIG and the HB vaccine, as well as at 0, 1, 7, 24, and 36 months after birth.

High conservation of hepatitis B virus surface genes during maternal vertical transmission despite active and passive vaccination.

Objective: Our purpose was to explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene heterogeneity and maternal vertical transmission.

Methods: HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were selected and classified into a vertical infection neonate group (group N), a vertical infection mother group (group M) and a control group (group C). Serum HBsAg and HBeAg were examined.

[An investigation on hepatitis E virus infection status among livestock in Xi'an area].

Objective: To explore the carrier state of hepatitis E virus(HEV) in livestock in Xi'an area.

Methods: Bile samples from swine, canine, sheep and cow were collected from a local slaughtering house. Reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) was employed to amplify the ORF2 region in HEV RNA genome.

[The mechanism of HBV infection of human trophoblast cell].

Objective: To observe the changes of human trophoblast cells after infected with hepatitis B virus.

Methods: HBV positive serum was used to infect human trophoblast cells in vitro. HBsAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA method and HBV DNA in cell culture medium and cells were detected by PCR method.

[Evaluation on the indirect economic burden of stroke using combination of disability-adjusted life years and human capital method].

Objective: Using the indirect economic burden of stroke in a rural population to develop rational allocation of future health resources, in Hanzhong area.

Methods: Cluster sampling which involved 53 natural villages with a total number of 75,000 people selected from the 'stroke monitoring base' of rural population was adopted in this study in the Hanzhong area. All of the 164 stroke cases were studied through a self-designed questionnaire.

[A follow-up study on the efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin combining hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBsAg positive mothers].

Objective: To study the efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) combining hepatitis B vaccine in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers through a follow-up study program.

Methods: 184 infants (4 twin pairs) born to HBsAg carrier mothers who were consecutively recruited from December 2002 to August 2004 were followed. Major HBV serologic markers in all infants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when they were at birth, at 7th, at 24th and at 36th months.

[A retrospective study on the survival rate and risk factors of mortality among 617 inpatients with ischemic stroke].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe survival status and risk factors of mortality on inpatients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: 617 patients with continuous ischemic stroke cases were collected from January 2002 to June 2005 retrospectively in the Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. In order to perceive relevant information on survival and the cause of death.

Screening cellular proteins binding to the core region of hepatitis C virus RNA genome with digoxin-labeled nucleic acids.

Objective: To screen and identify cellular proteins binding to the core region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome.

Methods: The plasmid pHCV core was constructed to generate in vitro transcripts of the core region of HCV RNA genome. Ultraviolet (UV) cross-linking experiment and competition analysis were performed to screen HepG2 cellular proteins, which interact with digoxin-labeled transcripts of the core region of HCV RNA genome.

Influence of meteorological factors and air pollution on the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome.

Objectives: To understand the association between the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and meteorological factors and air pollution.

Study Design: An ecological study was conducted.

Methods: Three hundred and fifty primary probable SARS cases diagnosed in mainland China between 1 January and 31 May 2003, and their 6727 close contacts during the period of their clinical symptoms before admission, were included in this study.

Maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA positivity and sexual intercourse are associated with HBV intrauterine transmission in China: a prospective case-control study.

Background And Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine transmission from infected mothers contributes significantly to the persistence of the high number of HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission.

Methods: A case-control study was performed on pregnant women tested positive for HBsAg at Shaanxi Maternal and Neonatal Health Hospital, Xi'an, China, from September 2002 to October 2004.

[Hepatitis B immunoglobulins blocking hepatitis B virus infection of trophoblast cell culture in vitro].

Objective: To determine the role of hepatitis B Immunoglobulins (HBIG) in blocking hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of trophoblast cell culture in vitro.

Methods: Trophoblast cells were placed in the six-well cluster dishes and incubated with 10% fetal calf serum/Dubecco's modified Eagle's Medium (10% FCS DMEM) at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in air. At 24 h after plating cells were subjected to experiment.

[Analysis on direct economic burden of stroke in the rural population of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province].

Objective: To analyze the direct economic burden of stroke in rural areas of Hanzhong.

Methods: Plan on primary interview was made after the purpose of the study had been informed to the managers of the 'surveillance field base', heads and members of the monitor assistants and detailed information was collected in the fields. Every single patient of stroke was then interviewed by the above said interviewers,using a self-designed questionnaire.

Remote sensing and spatial statistical analysis to predict the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in the marshlands of China.

Remote sensing and spatial statistical analysis were employed to predict the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum, in the marshlands of Jiangning county in China. Surrogate indices related to environmental factors in the marshlands were derived from a Landsat 7 ETM+ image, and the relationship between environmental covariates and the density of O. hupensis was analyzed by stepwise regression models and ordinary kriging.

Heterogeneity analysis of the hepatitis B virus genome in intrauterine infection.

There are many factors leading to intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). These factors include viral structure, HBV mutations, HBV DNA level, placenta barrier, immune status of the mother, and susceptibility of the fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between intrauterine infection with and HBV mutations of the genome of the virus.

[In vitro infection of human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line by hepatitis B virus positive serum].

Objective: To establish a culture system of HBV positive serum infected Hep G2 cells in vitro.

Methods: Hep G2 cells were seeded into six-well cluster dishes, at 1 x 10(-6) cells per well and incubated with 3 ml 10% fetal calf serum/ Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (10% FCS/DMEM) at 37 degrees in 5% CO2 air. At 24 h after plating, infection group Hep G2 cells were cultured with 0.

[Analysis on the relationship between malaria epidemics and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI in Hainan province].

Objective: To explore the relationship between malaria epidemics and NOAA-AVHRR NDVI.

Methods: Data on malaria were collected in all 19 counties in Hainan province from Feb, 1995 to Jan, 1996. Values regarding normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-related indicators including mean and maximum values of NDVI, the area proportion of NDVI values of 145- and 145+, months with NDVI values of 135+, 140+, 145+, 150+ of these counties in this period were all extracted from NOAA-AVHRR images, using ERDAS8.

[A retrospective study on the association of sexual behavior during pregnancy with intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus].

Objective: Case-control study was employed to explore the association of sexual behavior during pregnancy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine infection.

Methods: 212 HBsAg positive pregnant women were consecutively collected and investigated as objects. Those neonates detected for HBsAg with S/N value > or = 5 by Abbott reagents in periphery sera were selected as cases, others as controls.