Childhood asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Worldwide incidence and prevalence of both asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been increasing in past decades. Association between the two diseases has been found in some but not in other studies.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to verify such an association, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the potential cause-effect relationships.

New-onset COVID-19-related diabetes: an early indicator of multi-organ injury and mortally of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has imposed a severe public health burden worldwide. Most patients with COVID-19 were mild. Severe patients progressed rapidly to critical condition including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure and even death.

Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality.

The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is reminiscent of the SARS outbreak in 2003. We aim to compare the severity and mortality between male and female patients with COVID-19 or SARS. We extracted the data from: (1) a case series of 43 hospitalized patients we treated, (2) a public data set of the first 37 cases of patients who died of COVID-19 and 1,019 patients who survived in China, and (3) data of 524 patients with SARS, including 139 deaths, from Beijing in early 2003.

Concurrent Hearing and Genetic Screening of 180,469 Neonates with Follow-up in Beijing, China.

Concurrent hearing and genetic screening of newborns is expected to play important roles not only in early detection and diagnosis of congenital deafness, which triggers intervention, but also in predicting late-onset and progressive hearing loss and identifying individuals who are at risk of drug-induced HL. Concurrent hearing and genetic screening in the whole newborn population in Beijing was launched in January 2012. This study included 180,469 infants born in Beijing between April 2013 and March 2014, with last follow-up on February 24, 2018.

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of the Clinical Pathway Applied to Patients with Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in China.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common diseases in China. The incidence of CRS in the Chinese urban population is between 5 and 15%. It is difficult to cure with traditional surgery.

Retinal Vascular Morphological Changes in Patients with Extremely Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been shown to generate hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Retinal vessel is the only vessel that can be observed directly and noninvasively; retinal vascular abnormalities can serve as a predictive marker for the occurrence, clinical course, and prognosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of OSAS severity on the morphological changes of retinal vessels.

Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based comparative proteomic analysis of human pathogenic Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 and environmental genotype 1 strains.

Background/purpose: Prototheca species are ubiquitous achlorophyllic microalgae belonging to the family Chlorellaceae, which can cause a wide range of infections in humans and animals. Mainly in individuals with immunologic defects or trauma, Prototheca spp. can cause even lethal diseases.

Three-dimensional Evaluation of Nasal Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by airway collapse at multiple levels of upper airway. The effectiveness of nasal surgery has been discussed in several studies and shows a promising growing interest. In this study, we intended to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on the upper airway dimensions in patients with OSA using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CT).

Esophageal Functional Changes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome and Their Impact on Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease have a high comorbidity rate, but the potential causal relation between the two diseases remains unclear. Our objectives were to investigate the esophageal functional changes in OSAHS patients and determine whether OSAHS affects LPR by affecting esophageal functions.

Methods: Thirty-six OSAHS patients and 10 healthy controls underwent 24-h double-probed combined esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring simultaneously with polysomnography.

[Nasal cavity computer fluid dynamics analysis on 60 healthy Chinese adults].

Objectives: To investigate the aerodynamics characteristics of nasal cavity in inspiration phase from 60 healthy Chinese people and provide the reference values for future computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research.

Methods: CFD was used for numerical simulation. The indices of main airflow passage, total nasal airway resistance, maximal velocity, maximal wall shear stress, nasal mucosa area, nasal volume and surface area-to-volume ratio were extracted from CFD analysis results.

[Effectiveness of cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy and cochlear nerve aplasia].

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess of cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy and cochlear nerve aplasia by using Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR).

Methods: Twenty one children with cochlear implants participated in this study. They all received cochlear implant surgery at our hospital from January 2004 to October 2010.

[Clinical application of bone-anchored hearing aid implantation].

Objective: To discuss the indications, surgery methods and effects of the BAHA implantation by analyzing the patients' medical records of bone-anchored hearing aids(BAHA).

Methods: Retrospective analyzed the records of 16 patients of BAHA implantation, including nine males and seven females. Their average age was 31 years old (8-53ys).

[Modified closed reduction for the arytenoid cartilage dislocation].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of arytenoid cartilage dislocation and the outcome of modified closed reduction.

Methods: Sixty-seven patients with vocal fold immobility underwent modified closed reduction under local anesthesia through indirect laryngoscope. During reduction, a right-angled laryngeal forceps was used to hold the superior surface of the affected arytenoids and rotate in posterolateral or anteromedial direction according different situation of dislocation.

Intranasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach to maxillary sinus.

Background: The inferior turbinate (IT) and nasolacrimal duct (NLD) are often sacrificed while managing the diffuse lesion of maxillary sinus (MS). We report a new approach to MS without ablation of NLD and IT.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 19 hospitalized patients (aged from 42 to 68 years) who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between 2003 and 2008.

Evaluation of neuromuscular activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea using chin surface electromyography of polysomnography.

Background: It is believed that defects in upper airway neuromuscular control play a role in sleep apnea pathogenesis. Currently, there is no simple and non-invasive method for evaluating neuromuscular activity for the purpose of screening in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This study was designed to assess the validity of chin surface electromyography of routine polysomnography in evaluating the neuromuscular activity of obstructive sleep apnea subjects and probe the neuromuscular contribution in the pathogenesis of the condition.

Differential expression of Toll-like receptor pathway genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is characterized by the down-regulation of a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated signaling pathway and such a deficiency within the innate immune system may contribute to the inflammatory process of CRSsNP. In contrast, the inflammatory process found in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by an excessively activated TLR-mediated signaling pathway, which may contribute to the formation of nasal polyps. This study suggests that the pathophysiologic mechanism of CRSsNP and CRSwNP is different.

Risk factors of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in the lower respiratory tract.

Background: Juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a relatively rare disease. It affects the larynx in most cases. Because reports on JORRP to the lower respiratory tract (LRT) are few, we investigated clinical features of patients with a history of JORRP to analyze the risk factors of this disease.

Pharyngeal aerodynamic characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome patients.

Background: The role of nasal obstruction in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been debated for decades. In this prospective study, we compared the pharyngeal aerodynamic characteristics of OSAHS patients and normal people, and investigated the contribution of total nasal airway resistance to the pathophysiology of OSAHS.

Methods: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to extract the average pressure and average airflow velocity in three transverse cross-sectional planes of the pharynx for statistical analysis, and the correlation between nasal resistance and the average pressure in the pharyngeal cavity was investigated.