Model-based temperature control for improving lactic acid production from glycerol.

To maximize the final lactic acid productivity and concentration, temperature control was optimized using a mathematical modelling approach. A kinetic model, including cell growth, product formation and substrate consumption equations, was proposed to describe the lactic acid production process by AC-521 with glycerol as the substrate. By constructing four functions, the temperature effect was introduced on the fermentation process, where four parameters ( , , and ) were observed to be significantly affected by the temperature.

Quality of life of adult vitiligo patients using camouflage: A survey in a Chinese vitiligo community.

Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmented skin disease resulting in white macules, which may significantly impair the quality of life (QoL) of the patients.

Objective: To estimate the QoL in Chinese vitiligo patients using camouflage with a more detailed description, and to identify the possible risk factors related to poor QoL.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in vitiligo patients using camouflage from a vitiligo community.

In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of novel cytokine IL-38 in Murphy Roths Large (MRL)/lpr mice.

The newly named interleukin (IL)-36 subfamily member IL-38 has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activity. However, the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of IL-38 was poorly investigated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have investigated the expression of CD4IL-17 Th17, CD4IFN-γ Th1 and CD3CD4CD8 double negative (DN) T cells and the related immunopathological mechanisms in female MRL/lpr mice model of spontaneous lupus-like disease, with or without IL-38 treatment.

[Detection of Hawthorn Fruit Defects Using Hyperspectral Imaging].

Hyperspectral imaging technology covered the range of 380-1000 nm was employed to detect defects (bruise and insect damage) of hawthorn fruit. A total of 134 samples were collected, which included damage fruit of 46, pest fruit of 30, injure and pest fruit of 10 and intact fruit of 48. Because calyx · s⁻¹ tem-end and bruise/insect damage regions offered a similar appearance characteristic in RGB images, which could produce easily confusion between them.

The implementation of high fermentative 2,3-butanediol production from xylose by simultaneous additions of yeast extract, Na2EDTA, and acetic acid.

The effective use of xylose may significantly enhance the feasibility of using lignocellulosic hydrolysate to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). Previous difficulties in 2,3-BD production include that the high-concentration xylose cannot be converted completely and the fermentation rate is slow. This study investigated the effects of yeast extract, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA), and acetic acid on 2,3-BD production from xylose.

Calpain, Atg5 and Bak play important roles in the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy induced by influx of extracellular calcium.

Calcium (Ca(2+)) signals are involved in important checkpoints in cell death pathways and promote both apoptosis and autophagy. However, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in response to Ca(2+) level elevation is poorly understood. Here, we provided evidence that the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) triggered by Trichokonin VI (TK VI), an antimicrobial peptide, induced calpain-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Downstream processing of biotechnological produced succinic acid.

Succinic acid is a promising chemical which has a wide range of applications and can be biologically produced. The separation of succinic acid from fermentation broth makes more than 50 % of the total costs in their microbial production. This review summarizes the present state of methods studied for the recovery and purification of biologically produced succinate.

Rational synthesis of 1,3-diolein by enzymatic esterification.

t-Butanol was an excellent reaction medium for enzyme-mediated esterification of oleic acid with glycerol for 1,3-diolein preparation which has been proved by our group. Herein, to achieve the rational synthesis of 1,3-diolien, response surface methodology was applied to examine the effects of the significant variables and their reciprocal effects on the product synthesis. Under the optimal conditions (62.

Biodiesel from conventional feedstocks.

At present, traditional fossil fuels are used predominantly in China, presenting the country with challenges that include sustainable energy supply, energy efficiency improvement, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, China issued The Strategic Plan of the Mid-and-Long Term Development of Renewable Energy, which aims to increase the share of clean energy in the country's energy consumption to 15% by 2020 from only 7.5% in 2005.

The mechanism of solvent effect on the positional selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase B during 1,3-diolein synthesis by esterification.

We investigated the influence of solvent on the positional selectivity of Novozym 435 which was the immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) during the esterification of oleic acid with glycerol for 1,3-diolein preparation previously. Herein, molecular modeling was used to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the solvent effect on the positional selectivity of the enzyme. The results showed that the binding energy of sn-1 hydroxyl of glycerol molecular with CALB became higher, and the binding energy of sn-2 hydroxyl of glycerol molecular with CALB became lower along with the increase of the solvent log P.

Influence of dhaT mutation of K. pneumoniae on 1,3-propanediol fermentation.

Metabolic role of 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (PDOR) in the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) with K. pneumonia was investigated by knocking out the coded gene dhaT. Fermentation with both the wide-type and mutant were studied in 5 l fermentor.

Two subtypes of meningiomas with different imaging co-existed at sphenoid ridge.

Intracranial multiple meningiomas are not uncommon, but multiple meningiomas consisting of different subtypes are rare. Here, we describe an adult male patient with two meningiomas located at sphenoid ridge, with different features on MRI and CTA. Histological examination revealed that one was fibrous meningioma and the other was psammomatous meningioma.

The solvent influence on the positional selectivity of Novozym 435 during 1,3-diolein synthesis by esterification.

The influence of solvents with a wide range of log P (from -0.23 to 4.5) on the positional selectivity of the immobilized lipase Novozym 435 during the esterification of oleic acid with glycerol for 1,3-diolein preparation was investigated.

Consequences of cps mutation of Klebsiella pneumoniae on 1,3-propanediol fermentation.

The filtration in 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) downstream process is influenced by the large amounts of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366. The morphological and fermentation properties were investigated with the CPS-deficient mutant K.

Ammonium and phosphate limitation in 1,3-propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Excretion of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by K. pneumoniae was compared in ammonium- and phosphate-limited chemostat cultures running with an excess of glycerol. 59 and 43% catabolic flux were directed to 1,3-PD in ammonia-limited cultures and phosphate-limited cultures at dilution rate of 0.

Metabolism in 1,3-propanediol fed-batch fermentation by a D-lactate deficient mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae HR526, a new isolated 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) producer, exhibited great productivity. However, the accumulation of lactate in the late-exponential phase remained an obstacle of 1,3-PD industrial scale production. Hereby, mutants lacking D-lactate pathway were constructed by knocking out the ldhA gene encoding fermentative D-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of HR526.

Physiologic mechanisms of sequential products synthesis in 1,3-propanediol fed-batch fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The glycerol fed-batch fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 exhibited the sequential synthesis of products, including acetate, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, succinate, and lactate. The dominant flux distribution was shifted from acetate formation to 1,3-PD formation in early- exponential growth phase and then to lactate synthesis in late-exponential growth phase.

Statistical optimization of culture conditions for 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae AC 15 via central composite design.

A central composite design was used to study the effect of glycerol, rate of stirring, air aeration and pH on the synthesis of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae AC 15. Among the four variables, glycerol and rate of stirring significantly affected 1,3-PD productivity, whereas air aeration and pH were not effective. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for 1,3-PD productivity by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology.

Production of 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae from glycerol broth.

Broth containing 152 g glycerol l(-1) from Candida krusei culture was converted to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Residual glucose in the broth promoted growth of K. pneumoniae while acetate was inhibitory.

Multiple growth inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1,3-propanediol fermentation.

The inhibition of substrate and product on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in anaerobic and aerobic batch fermentation for the production of 1,3-propanediol was studied. The cells under anaerobic conditions had a higher maximum specific growth rate of 0.19 h(-1) and lower tolerance to 110 g glycerol l(-1), compared to the maximum specific growth rate of 0.

1,3-Propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae under different aeration strategies.

1,3-Propanediol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in batch cultures under N2 flow and four airflow systems. Different byproducts were formed under different aeration conditions. An anaerobic/aerobic combined fed-batch culture was developed giving 70 g 1,3-propanediol l(-1) and 16 g 2,3-butanediol l(-1) with total diol yield of 0.

Novozym 435-catalysed transesterification of crude soya bean oils for biodiesel production in a solvent-free medium.

When crude soya-bean oil was used as the source for biodiesel production, the yield of methyl ester was significantly lower than that from refined soya-bean oil. The major difference between refined and crude soya-bean oils was found to be due to the contents of phospholipids, free acid and water, which have varied influences on biodiesel production. Phospholipid content was the most influential factor; the higher the phospholipid content in the oil, the lower is the methyl ester yield.

Novel fermentation strategy for enhancing glycerol production by Candida krusei.

During the later stage of glycerol production by fermentation of Candida krusei, glycerol consumption by the strain was observed, although there was residual sugar in the medium. To enhance the final glycerol accumulation, a new fermentation strategy was developed by maintaining high activities of glycerol synthetic enzymes (i.e.

[Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in mainstream smoke by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

A novel method is suggested for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene in mainstream smoke. Extraction of Cambridge pads was cleaned up with methanol/n-heptane extraction system and silica solid-phase extraction (SPE). The eluted solution containing benzo[a]pyrene was evaporated gently to complete dryness with N2 flow, then reconstituted in 200 microL ethyl acetate for determination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (SIM).